Syntax Flashcards
What is syntax?
The study of principles governing sentence structure
What are the three subtypes of conjunctions?
1) coordinating
2) Subordinating
3) Complementizers
What are the two major types of syntactic categories?
lexical: verbs, nouns, adj, adverbs, prepositions
functional: (non-lexical) determines, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions, degree words
What is a paradigm?
a set of related forms
What are some verbs that never occur in the progressive form?
verbs that refer to states, mental activies
What are prepositions?
denote location in space or time, as well as a number of more abstract relations ex: in, on, from, at, of
What is usually followed by a preposition?
a noun phrase: in a box, on monday, from home)
What do pronouns do?
refer to things/individuals without naming them
What are examples of interrogative pronouns?
who, whom, whose,
What are determiners?
co-occur in a noun phrase, express semantic contrasts such as number, quantity, possession (Ex: a bike, the bike, her bike)
What are the 5 subtypes of determiners?
articles: the
Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
Interrogatives: which, what
Possessive: my, our, your his, her
Other: some, many , any
What is an auxiliary verb?
subordinate to the main lexical verb, express grammatical distinctions such as tense, mood aspect (ex: CAN drive, SHOULD drive)
What are the two subtypes of auxiliary verbs?
modal verbs: can, could, will, would
True auxiliaries: be, have, do
What are conjunctions?
connect words, phrases sentences
What are the three subtypes of conjunctions?
coordinating: and, or, but (equal status)
subordinating: because, although, if, after, since (not equal status)
complementizers: that, if whether
What are degree words?
intensify the meaning of the following adjective, adverb or preposition: mighty, rather, very, PRETTY easy
