syntax (needs editing!!)

Question 1

syntax

Answer 1

Syntax has to do with the way we put words together, or arrange them in a sentence.

Question 2

subject

Answer 2

The subject is the person or thing the sentence is about.

Question 3

predicate

Answer 3

The predicate is what is written or said about the subject.

Question 4

phrase

Answer 4

A phrase is a collection of words that form a grammatical unit but are not sentences.

Question 5

head word

Answer 5

The head word is the main word in a phrase.

Question 6

modifiers

Answer 6

Modifiers are words that describe the head word or give more information.

Question 7

noun phrases

Answer 7

Noun phrases usually have a noun or pronoun as their head word.

Question 8

verb phrases

Answer 8

Verb phrases usually contain a main (lexical) verb (the head word) and any accompanying auxiliary verbs (such as is, was, have, etc).

Question 9

prepositional phrase?

Answer 9

A prepositional phrase contains a preposition and the object.

Question 10

clauses?

Answer 10

Clauses are a group of related words containing a subject.

Question 11

independent (main) clause?

Answer 11

An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence.

Question 12

dependent (subordinate) clause?

Answer 12

A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause.

Question 13

relative clause?

Answer 13

A relative clause is a clause introduced by a relative pronoun, such as WHO, WHICH, THAT, or by a relative adverb, such as WHERE, WHEN, WHY.

Question 14

adverbial clause?

Answer 14

An adverbial clause answers questions like how, where, when, and why about the verb.

Question 15

clause elements (SVOCA)?

Answer 15

Clause elements include subject, verb, object, complement, and adverbial.

Question 16

subject in a clause?

Answer 16

The subject is the main person or thing the clause is about, performing the action, and usually comes before the verb.

Question 17

verb in a clause?

Answer 17

The verb is the doing word in the clause.

Question 18

object in a clause?

Answer 18

The object normally follows the verb and usually answers the question ‘who or what has something been done to?’.

Question 19

complement?

Answer 19

A complement gives more information about the subject or object.

Question 20

adverbial?

Answer 20

An adverbial is an optional extra in a sentence, usually involving an adverb, providing information of time, place, or manner.

Question 21

‘place’ refer to in a sentence?

Answer 21

‘Place’ refers to where something happened.

Question 22

‘time’ refer to in a sentence?

Answer 22

‘Time’ refers to when or how often something happened.

Question 23

‘manner’ refer to in a sentence?

Answer 23

‘Manner’ refers to how something happened.

Question 24

sentence fragments?

Answer 24

Sentence fragments act as a sentence even though they aren’t a complete main clause, missing either a verb or a subject.

Question 25

simple sentences?

Answer 25

Simple sentences contain only a single clause, usually having a subject and predicate.

Question 26

compound sentences?

Answer 26

Compound sentences consist of two or more simple sentences joined by one of seven coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS).

Question 27

complex sentences?

Answer 27

Complex sentences have one or more clauses of lesser importance than the main clause.

Question 28

compound-complex sentences?

Answer 28

Compound-complex sentences have a minimum of three clauses: two main and one subordinate clause.

Question 29

declarative sentence?

Answer 29

A declarative sentence provides information, observations, or statements.

Question 30

interrogative sentence?

Answer 30

An interrogative sentence asks questions.

Question 31

imperative sentences?

Answer 31

Imperative sentences give direct orders or instructions.

Question 32

exclamative sentence?

Answer 32

An exclamative sentence makes an exclamation, indicating high levels of emotion.

Question 33

referential function

Answer 33

The referential function provides description and information.

Question 34

emotive function

Answer 34

The emotive function expresses emotion.

Question 35

conative function

Answer 35

The conative function aims to persuade, convince, or command.

Question 36

phatic function

Answer 36

The phatic function involves social interaction.

Question 37

metalingual function

Answer 37

The metalingual function is to talk about language.

Question 38

poetic function

Answer 38

The poetic function relates to the meaning or message; the art of words.

Question 39

field in text analysis?

Answer 39

Field describes the subject matter in a text - topics.

Question 40

mode in text analysis?

Answer 40

Mode refers to whether a text is spoken or written.

Question 41

setting in text analysis?

Answer 41

Setting refers to where the text takes place.

Question 42

tenor in text analysis?

Answer 42

Tenor is the relationship between the participants in a conversation or between the text producer and receiver.

Question 43

text type?

Answer 43

Text type is a style of discourse within a text.

Question 44

register in language?

Answer 44

Register is the variation in the style of language, often linked to formality.

Question 45

morphology?

Answer 45

Morphology is the study of morphemes, the smallest unit of grammar, and how words are formed.

Question 46

morpheme?

Answer 46

A morpheme is the smallest unit of language that expresses meaning.

Question 47

affixation?

Answer 47

Affixation involves adding to the beginning or end of the root or stem word.

Question 48

free morpheme?

Answer 48

A free morpheme can stand on its own as a word.

Question 49

bound morpheme?

Answer 49

A bound morpheme cannot stand on its own as a word and must be attached to other morphemes.

Question 50

inflectional morphemes?

Answer 50

Inflectional morphemes are known as grammatical morphemes because they give grammatical information (always suffixes).

Question 51

derivational morphemes?

Answer 51

Derivational morphemes change the class of the word.

Question 52

roots in language?

Answer 52

Roots are words in their simplest or earliest form, from which many English words are made by joining word elements.

Question 53

conversion in language?

Answer 53

Conversion occurs when words change class without the addition of an affix.

Question 54

blends in language?

Answer 54

Blends are formed by combining part of one word with another word (e.g., motel).

Question 55

acronym?

Answer 55

An acronym is a word formed from the initial letters of existing words.

Question 56

initialism?

Answer 56

An initialism is an item pronounced as a sequence of letters.

Question 57

hypocoristic suffix?

Answer 57

In Australia, a hypocoristic suffix often shortens words and ends them in a vowel.

Question 58

semantic domains?

Answer 58

Semantic domains refer to a range of words that have related meanings and lexical relationships with each other.

Question 59

field in relation to semantic domains?

Answer 59

Field describes the subject matter in a text, related to semantic domain, but is more broadly the topic overall.