synthesis map

Question 1

alkane to haloalkane

Answer 1

reagents/conditions = Cl2 + UV
mechanism = free radical substitution

Question 2

alkene to alkane

Answer 2

reagents/conditions = H2, Ni catalyst, 150 degrees
mechanism = electrophilic addition (hydrogenation)

Question 3

positive test for alkene

Answer 3

Br2 orange to colourless solution

Question 4

alkene to haloalkane

Answer 4

reagents/conditions = HX/X2, RTP
mechanism = electrophilic addition

Question 5

alkene to alcohol

Answer 5

reagents/conditions = H2O, dilute H3PO4
mechanism =electrophilic addition

Question 6

alcohol to alkene

Answer 6

reagents/conditions = conc H2SO4
mechanism = dehydration/elimination

Question 7

alcohol to haloalkane

Answer 7

reagents/conditions = halogen halide, reflux
mechanism = nucleophilic substitution

Question 8

haloalkane to alcohol

Answer 8

reagents/conditions = NaOH, reflux
mechanism = nucleophilic substitution

Question 9

haloalkane to amine

Answer 9

reagents/conditions = excess conc NH3
mechanism = nucleophilic substitution

Question 10

haloalkane to nitrile

Answer 10

reagents/conditions = HCN, reflux
mechanism = nucleophilic substitution

Question 11

alcohol to ketone

Answer 11

reagents/conditions = acid K2Cr2O7, reflux
mechanism = oxidation

Question 12

alcohol to aldehyde

Answer 12

reagents/conditions = acid K2Cr2O7, heat and distil
mechanism = oxidation

Question 13

alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 13

reagents/conditions = acid K2Cr2O7, reflux
mechanism = oxidation

Question 14

ketone to alcohol

Answer 14

reagents/conditions = NaBH4
mechanism = reduction

Question 15

aldehyde to alcohol

Answer 15

reagents/conditions = NaBH4
mechanism = reduction

Question 16

ketone to hydroxynitrile

Answer 16

reagents/conditions = HCN, dilute H2SO4
mechanism = nucleophilic addition

Question 17

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

Answer 17

reagents/conditions = HCN, dilute H2SO4
mechanism = nucleophilic addition

Question 18

alcohol to ester

Answer 18

reagents/conditions = conc H2SO4, reflux, COOH
mechanism = esterification

Question 19

carboxylic acid to ester

Answer 19

reagents/conditions = alcohol, reflux & distil
mechanism = esterification

Question 20

ester to carboxylic acid

Answer 20

reagents/conditions = H2O
mechanism = acid hydrolysis

Question 21

carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

Answer 21

reagents/conditions = SOCl2

Question 22

acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

Answer 22

reagents/conditions = H2O, RT
mechanism = hydrolysis

Question 23

acyl chloride to 2 amide

Answer 23

reagents/conditions = 1 amine
mechanism = nucleophilic addition elimination

Question 24

1 amine to 2 amide

Answer 24

reagents/conditions = acyl chloride, RT
mechanism = nucleophilic addition elimination

Question 25

nitrile to 1 amine

Answer 25

reagents/conditions = H2, Ni catalyst mechanism = reduction

Question 26

nitrile to carboxylic acid

Answer 26

reagents/conditions = HCl/H2SO4, reflux mechanism = acid hydrolysis

Question 27

acyl chloride to ester

Answer 27

reagents/conditions = alcohol, RT mechanism = nucleophilic addition elimination

Question 28

positive test for ketone

Answer 28

orange ppt with 2 4 DNP

Question 29

positive test for aldehyde

Answer 29

silver mirror with tollens

Question 30

positive test for ester

Answer 30

sweet smell

Question 31

positive test for carboxylic acid

Answer 31

effervescence

Question 32

positive test for alcohol

Answer 32

orange to green solution

Question 33

positive test for acyl chloride

Answer 33

H2O and HCl gas