synthesis pathways Flashcards by Kamile Garuolyte

Q

how do you turn an alkane to a haloalkane

A

halogen and UV light - radical substitution

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Q

How do you turn an alkene to an alkane

A

hydration with H2 and nickel catalyst at 150C

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Q

How do you turn a haloalkane to an alcohol

A

NaOH - nucleophilic substitution

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Q

How do you turn an alkene to a haloalkane

A

add hydrogen halide

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Q

How do you turn an alcohol to a haloalkane

A

sodium halide and H2SO4

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Q

how do you turn an alcohol to an alkene

A

H3PO4 and heat

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Q

How do you turn an alkene to an alcohol

A

H2O
H3PO4

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Q

how do you turn an alcohol to a ketone

A

reflux with acidified potassium dichromate

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Q

How do you turn an ketone to an alcohol

A

reduction with NaBH4

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Q

How do you turn an alcohol to an aldehyde

A

distil with acidified potassium dichromate

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Q

How do you turn an aldehyde to an alcohol

A

reduction with NaBH4

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Q

how do you turn an alcohol to an ester

A

add carboxylic acid or acid anhydride

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Q

how do you turn an alcohol to a carboxylic acid

A

reflux with acidified potassium dichromate

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Q

how do you turn an aldehyde to a hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN and H+

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Q

how do you turn a ketone to a hydroxy nitrile

A

NaCN and H+

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Q

How do you turn haloalkane to a nitrile

A

CN and ethanol

Q

How do you make an amine

A

haloalkane ammonia and ethanol

Q

how do you turn a nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H2O HCl heat

Q

How do you form an ester from a carboxylic acid

A

alcohol and conc H2SO4

Q

how do you form a carboxylic acid from an ester

A

dilute acid and heat

Q

how do you form an acyl chloride

A

carboxylic acid and SOCl2

Q

How do you form a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride

A

H2O

Q

How do you form an ester from an acyl chloride

A

alcohol

Q

how do you form a 1 and 2 amide from acyl chloride

A

ammonia
1 amine

How do you make nitrophenol

react phenol with dilute HNO3

how do you make tri-bromophenol

phenol and bromine at room temp

How do you make bromobenzene

benzene, halogen and halogen carrier

how do you make a phenylalkane

CH3Cl and halogen carrier

how do you make a phenylketone and then hydroxybenzene

acid anhydride and halogen carrier then reduce with NaBH4

how do you make nitrobenzene

conc hno3 and h2so4

how do you make a phenylamine

Nitrobenzene conc hcl and Sn

How do you make bromophenylamine

phenyl amine reacts with Br2