Synthetic routes- reactions and conditions Flashcards
1
Q
dihalogenoalkane to diol
A
- Aqeous KOH
- heat under reflux
- nucleophilic substitution
2
Q
alkene to dihalogenoalkane
A
- X2
- room temp
- electrophilic addition
3
Q
alkene to polyalkene
A
- high pressure
- catalyst
4
Q
alkane to halogenoalkane
A
- X2
- U.V light
- free radical substitution
5
Q
alkene to halogenoalkane
A
- HBr or HCl
- room temp
- electrophilic addition
6
Q
halogenoalkane to alkene
A
- ethanolic KOH
- heat under reflux
- elimination
7
Q
halogenoalkane to alcohol
A
- aqeous KOH
- heat under reflux
- nucleophilic substitution
8
Q
alkene to alcohol
A
- Step 1: conc sulfuric acid, electrophilic addition
- Step 2: H2O warm, hydrolysis
9
Q
alcohol to alkene
A
- concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated phoisphoric acid
- elimination/dehydration
10
Q
halogenoalkane to primary amine
A
- Alcoholic (ethanolic) ammonia
- heat under pressure
- nucleophilic subsitution
11
Q
halogenoalkane to nitrile
A
- KCN in ethanol/water
- heat under reflux
- nucleophilic substitution
12
Q
nitrile to primary amine
A
- LiAlH4 in ether (or H2 and nickel)
- reduction
13
Q
primary amine to secondary/tertiary amine
A
- halogenoalkane
- nucleophilic substitution
14
Q
primary amine to secondary amide/N-substituted amide
A
- acyl chloride
- room temp
- nucleophilic addition-elimination
15
Q
alcohol to ester
A
- carboxylic acid & H2SO4
- heat
- esterification
16
Q
ketone to alcohol
A
- NaBH4
- reduction
- nucleophilic addition
17
Q
secondary alcohol to ketone
A
- H+/Na2Cr2O7
- heat
- oxidation
18
Q
primary alchohol to aldehyde
A
- H+/Na2Cr2O7
- heat and distill
- partial oxidation
19
Q
aldehyde to alcohol
A
- NaBH4
- reduction
- nucleophilic addition
20
Q
ketone to hydroxynitrile
A
- NaCN and sulfuric acid
- Nucleophilic addition
21
Q
aldehyde to hydroxynitrile
A
- NaCN and sulphuric acid
- nucleophilic addition
22
Q
aldehyde to carboxylic acid
A
- H+/k2Cr2O7
- heat under reflux
- excess oxidising agent
oxidation
23
Q
primary alcohol to carboxylic acid
A
- H+/k2Cr2O7
- heat under reflux
- excess oxidising agent
oxidation
24
Q
carboxylic acid to ester
A
- Alchohol and conc sulphuric acid
- heat
- esterification
25
acyl chloride/acid anhydride to ester
- alcohol
- room temp
- nucleophilic addition-elimination
26
acyl chloride/acid anhydride to carboxylic acid
- H20
- room temp
- nucleophilic addition-elimination
27
acyl chloride/acid anhydride to primary amide
- ammonia
- room temp
- nucleophilic addition-elimination
28
acyl chloride/acid anhydride to secondary amide
- primary amine
- room temp
- nucleophilic addition-elimination
29
ester to alchohol and sodium carboxylate salt
- dilute aqeous NaOH
- heat under reflux
- hydrolysis
- saponification (as salt is produced)
30
benzene to nitrobenzene
- conc nitric acid and conc sulphuric acid
- electrophilic substitution
31
nitrobenzene to phenylamine
- Sn and HCl
- reduction
32
phenylamine to secondary amine
- haloalkane
- nucleophilic subsitution
33
phenylamine to N-subsituted amide with phenyl group
- acyl chloride
- nucleophilic addition-elimination
34
benzene to acylated benzene
- acyl chloride
- anhyydrous aluminium chloride catalyst
- electrophilic subsitution
