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Diagnostic Imaging I Final COPY (Goldfish) > ***Systemic Bone Disease (PASS)*** > Flashcards

***Systemic Bone Disease (PASS)*** Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

All encompassing definition for increased radiolucency of bone?

A

Osteopenia

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2
Q

What are 5 examples of Osteopenia?

A
  • -Osteoporosis
  • -HPT
  • -Rickets
  • -Scurvy
  • -Neoplasm
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3
Q

Bone density decreased in majority of skeleton, especially axial?

A

Osteoporosis

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4
Q

What are the 2 primary causes of Osteoporosis?

A
  • -Old age

- -Post-menopausal

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5
Q

What are 2 secondary causes of Osteoporosis?

A
  • -Cushing’s disease

- -Drugs

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6
Q

What is another name for Cushing’s disease?

A

Hypercortisalism

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7
Q

What 2 drugs can lead to Osteoporosis?

A

heparin and steroids

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8
Q

What are 2 clinical findings of generalized Osteoporosis as it progresses?

A
  • -increased kyphosis

- -fractures as they become apparent

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9
Q

What are 4 image findings w/ Generalized Osteoporosis w/in axial skeleton?

A
  • -Loss of 2* stress trabeculae, accentuation of 1* stress trabeculae
  • -Vertical striations in the vertebral bodies
  • -“Pencil thin” cortices
  • -Compression fractures
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10
Q

What is the vertical striations in the vertebral bodies called?

A

pseudohemangiomas

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11
Q

What is the most common location for compression fractures for generalized osteoporosis?

A

thoracic spine

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12
Q

Describe the location of the compression fracture for generalized osteoporosis?

A

anterior wedge, fish vertebra - biconcave

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13
Q

What are 6 image findings w/ Generalized Osteoporosis w/in appendicular skeleton?

A
  • -Ward’s triangle
  • -Cortical thinning
  • -Osteopenia
  • -Trabecular accentuation
  • -Fractures
  • -Insufficiency fractures
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14
Q

Where are fractures most commonly found w/ generalized osteoporosis in the appendicular skeleton?

A

hip and wrist

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15
Q

Loss of bone density confined to a region?

A

regional osteoporosis

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16
Q

What are 2 causes of regional osteoporosis?

A
  • -Disuse

- -Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome

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17
Q

What is another name for Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome?

A

Sudeck’s atrophy

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18
Q

What is the most common location of regional osteoporosis?

A

transient regional osteoporosis of the hip

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19
Q

Who is most likely to get Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome?

A

people over 50

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20
Q

What are 4 clinical findings for Sudeck’s atrophy?

A
  • -pain/swelling
  • -redness/warmth
  • -shiny skin
  • -trophic skin changes
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21
Q

What is the treatment for regional osteoporosis?

A

often self limiting, takes months

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22
Q

What population is most likely to get transient regional osteoporosis of the hip

A

males, aged 20-40

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23
Q

What are 3 imaging findings for aggressive, regional osteopenia?

A
  • -Cortical tunneling
  • -Irregular endosteal/periosteal resorption
  • -Spotty and/or bank-like bone loss
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24
Q

What are 2 imaging findings for soft tissue changes for regional osteopenia?

A
  • -Swelling w/ Sudeck’s atrophy

- -Atrophy w/ disuse

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25
A focal loss of bone density affecting a small area?
localized osteoporosis
26
What are 3 causes of localized osteoporosis?
- -inflammatory arthritis - -focal tumors - -infection
27
What is the imaging finding for localized osteoporosis?
focal loss of bone density | --(w/ other findings of underlying cause)
28
Relatively normal bone quantity, poor bone quality.
osteomalacia
29
What is result on bones from osteomalacia?
result in soft bones
30
What are 4 common causes of Osteomalacia?
- -Deficiency in Ca+, P+ - -Vit D malabsorption - -Renal lesions
31
What are 3 uncommon causes of Osteomalacia?
- -dysplasia - -tumor - -drug reax
32
What are 6 imaging findings for Osteomalacia?
- -Generalized osteopenia - -Trabecular coarsening - -Looser lines - -Basilar invagination - -Acetabular protrusion - -Bone softening deformities
33
Primarily a disease of the growth plates?
Rickets
34
What are 5 clinical findings for Rickets?
- -muscle tetany - -weakness - -delayed development and short stature - -bowing deformities - -rachitic rosary
35
overgrowth of cartilage near joints and costochondral junction
rachitic rosary
36
What are 4 imaging findings for Rickets?
- -"Paint brush" metaphyses - -Splayed metaphyses - -Bowing deformities - -Rachitic rosary
37
Rickets usually does not manifest until after what age?
6 months of age
38
Scurvy is due to lack of what dietary vitamin?
Vit C
39
What are 2 other names for Scurvy?
- -Barlow's disease | - -Hypovitaminosis C
40
What is the effect of a lack of Vit C on vascular structures
vascular fragility
41
What are 3 vascular findings associated w/ scurvy?
- -spontaneous hemorrhage - -easy bruisability - -bleeding gums
42
What are 6 imaging findings for Scurvy?
- -Generalized osteopenia - -White line of Frankel - -Wimberger's ring - -Pelkin's spurs - -Trummerfeld's zone - -Subperiosteal hemorrhaging
43
What is a dense zone of provisional Ca++?
white line of frankel
44
What is a well-defined ring around the epiphysis?
Wimberger's ring
45
Arise from metaphyseal mragins, due to collapse of the scorbutic zone?
Pelkin's spur
46
What is the lucent region adjacent to zone of provisional Ca++?
Trummerfeld's zone
47
When does the subperiosteal hemorrhaging become visible?
when healing begins
48
What population is most likely to get HPT?
females; 30-50
49
What is the underlying pathology of HPT?
increased osteoclastic activity w/ fibrous tissue replacement
50
What is the primary etiology of HPT?
overproduction of parathormone, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia
51
What is the most common cause of primary HPT?
hypercalcemia
52
What is the secondary etiology of HPT?
overproduction of parathormone 2* to chronic renal disease
53
What is the tertiary etiology of HPT?
parathyroid gland acts independent of serum calcium levels
54
What populations are most commonly affected by tertiary HPT?
dialysis patients, long term renal disease
55
How do you distinguish the different forms of HPT w/ imaging?
cannot distinguish b/w different forms w/ imaging
56
What are 6 axial skeleton imaging findings of HPT?
- -Osteopenia - -Salt and Peper skull - -Resorption of lamina dura - -Rugger jersey spine - -Endplate irregularities - -Widened SI joints and symphysis
57
What are the 2 appendicular skeleton imaging findings of HPT?
- -Subperiosteal resorption | - -Brown tumors
58
What are the 4 locations for subperiosteal resorption in the appendicular skeleton w/ HPT?
- -Radial aspect of 2nd and 3rd middle phalanges - -Distal clavicle - -Medial aspect of prox tibia - -Humeral metaphyses
59
What are the 3 most common locations for brown tumors?
- -mandible - -pelvis - -ribs
60
Acromegaly is 2* to what?
excessive growth hormone secretion from pituitary adenoma
61
What are the affects of acromegaly in adults?
predominate soft tissue and membranous bone overgrowth
62
What are the affects of acromegaly in adolesence?
increased length of bone (gigantism)
63
What are 5 clinical findings for acromegaly?
- -Broad, large hands and feet - -Prominent forehead - -Nerve compression syndromes - -Large body features,(especially in males) - -Debilitating headache
64
What 3 skull imaging findings are associated w/ acromegaly?
- -enlarged sella turcica - -enlarged frontal sinuses - -prognathic mandible
65
What is a "lantern jaw"?
prognathic mandible (acromegally)
66
What is the classic, but not invariable finding of acromegaly?
enlarged sella turcica
67
What 3 spinal imaging findings are associated w/ acromegaly?
- -enlarged discs - -incr. diameter of vert bodies - -post scalloping of vert body
68
What 3 hands/feet imaging findings are associated w/ acromegaly?
- -spade-like tufts, widened shafts - -enlarged joints w/ osteophytes - -enlarged heel pad thickness
69
What measurement indicates enlarged heel pad thickness?
> 20-26 mm
70
What 2 abnormal imaging findings are associated w/ acromegaly?
- -enlarged joints | - -large thorax
71
What is the cause of Cushing's?
excessive flucocorticoids which may be exogenous or endogenous
72
What is another name for Cushing's disease?
hypercorticolism
73
What are 4 characteristic clinical findings for Cushing's disease?
- -Moon face - -accelerated hair growth - -purple striae on abdomen - -buffalo hump
74
What are 4 imaging findings w/ Cushing's disease?
- -Generalized osteopenia - -Compression fractures - -Avascular necrosis - -Atherosclerotic plaqueing

Diagnostic Imaging I Final COPY (Goldfish) (9 decks)

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