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PHYSIOLOGY Exam 3 (Lauren) > Systemic Circulation > Flashcards

Systemic Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Which has more volume of blood: veins or arteries?

A

Veins

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2
Q

Where are the pressures higher: veins or arteries?

A

Arteries

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3
Q

Where is compliance higher: veins or arteries?

A

Veins

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4
Q

What is the major resistance vessel?

A

Arterioles

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5
Q

Which vessels have the highest pressure drop?

A

Arterioles

*****

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6
Q

What is compliance?

A

Compliance is the ability of a vessel to expand or give way to stress

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7
Q

How do we determine the pressure in blood vessels?

Not calculation

A

The volume of blood in the vessel and the compliance of the vessel

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8
Q

How do you calculate compliance in a vessel?

A

C= 🔺V
———
🔺P

(delta V over delta P)

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9
Q

Does compliance increase or decrease with age?

A

Decrease

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10
Q

What is the transfer of blood from the arteries to the venous circulation during diastole called?

A

Peripheral runoff

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11
Q

What is the peak pressure in the arteries?

A

The systolic pressure

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12
Q

What is the pressure in the arteries just prior to ventricular ejection?

A

Diastolic pressure

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13
Q

How do you calculate pulse pressure?

A

Systolic Pressure-diastolic pressure

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14
Q

How do you calculate MAP?

A

MAP= DP + 1/3 PP

Approximately

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15
Q

What does the elastic recoil of the arterial walls do?

A

Converts the stored energy into capillary flow during diastole

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16
Q

Is flow through the capillaries pulsatile/cyclical?

A

No, it is pretty constant.

This is due to the elastic recoil of the arterial walls during diastole

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17
Q

What maintains blood flow during diastole?

A

The elastic recoil of the aorta and large arteries

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18
Q

Why do we substitute MAP for the 🔺P?

A

Because 🔺P represents MAP-RAP, and we assume that the pressure in the right atrium is pretty much 0

19
Q

At a constant compliance, what happens to aortic pulse pressure and systolic pressure if you increase stroke volume

A

Increase

20
Q

If you increase compliance, what happens to pulse pressure and systolic pressure?

A

They decrease

21
Q

What happens to diastolic pressure if HR increases? Why?

A

Diastolic pressure increases, because there is less time between beats for the blood to “run off”

22
Q

What will happen to diastolic pressure if you increase TPR/

A

Diastolic pressure will rise becasue there is more resistance, and less blood will “run off” between beats

23
Q

Does PP increase when you decrease HR? (Remember DP drops when you decrease HR.)
What would happen to PP if you decreased HR and ALSO increased the SV?

A

PP will not really increase if you decrease HR only.

If you increase SV and also decrease HR, PP will increase

24
Q

What happens to SP if you decrease compliance?

A

Increases

25
Q

What is stressed and unstressed blood?

A

Stressed= atrial

Unstressed= venous

26
Q

Where is most of your blood: venous or arterial system?

A

Venous (up to 70%)

27
Q

Can veins contract?

A

Yes, they have smooth muscle in their walls

28
Q

What are the pressures like in the veins?

A

Very low pressure 10 mmHg or less usually

29
Q

What happens to the amount of unstressed blood if venomotor tone increases?

A

The amount of unstressed blood decreases

-the veins contracting would cause decreased venous compliance, and therefore, less blood would be in the veins and would then have to be in the arteries

Remeber, unstressed blood=blood in the veins

Stressed blood=blood in the arteries

30
Q

What happens to the volume of unstressed blood if venomotor tone decreases?

A

Unstressed volume will increase

More blood will be in the venous/unstressed side since the compliance will increase

31
Q

Are venous return and CO ever different?

A

No venous return and CO are always equal

It’s a closed system duh

32
Q

If you alter CO, what will happen to venous return?

A

It will be altered in the same way

33
Q

Why does an increase in right atrial pressure decrease atrial filling?

A

Because the filling of the R atria is due to the pressure difference between the vena cavae and the atrium, and if you increase RAP, 🔺P will decrease= less filling

34
Q

As RAP increases, what happens to CO?

A 
CO increases
(Due to increased ventricular filling=increased preload)
35
Q

What is the mean systemic pressure?

A

It is the pressure that would be there if the heart was stopped and the blood volume equalized in all spaces

36
Q

If you increase the contractility/inotropicity of the heart by giving something like Digitalis, it will increase CO. How will the venous return respond, and therefore the RAP?

A

Venous return will also increase

RAP will DECREASE** (this is because more blood is ejected from the heart with each beat, so pressure in the R atrium will decrease)

37
Q

What will happen to RAP and venous return if you decrease cardiac inotropicity/contractility?

A

CO will decrease, so venous return will also decrease.

RAP will increase, since there is less blood being ejected from the heart with each beat***

38
Q

What happens to mean systemic pressure if you increase blood volume through a blood transfusion?

A

Increases

39
Q

Would a decrease in venous compliance have the same effect on mean systemic pressure as a blood transfusion?

A

Yes it would increase

40
Q

What will happen to RAP and Mean Systemic pressure if you increase blood volume?

A

RAP increases

Mean systemic pressure increases

41
Q

What will happen to CO and RAP if you increase blood volume

A

Both will increase

42
Q

What will happen to venous return if you decrease venous compliance (e.g., constriction of veins)

A

It will increase**

43
Q

What are the only two things that mean systemic pressure is dependent on?

A

Volume

Compliance

(I think)

PHYSIOLOGY Exam 3 (Lauren) (10 decks)

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