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Year 4: Dermatology > Systemic Disease > Flashcards

Systemic Disease Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

what is necrobiosis nigricans

A

shiny atrophic plaques on legs seen in type 1 diabetes

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2
Q

what are xanthomas due to

A

hyperlipidaemia - lipid laden macrophage ‘foam cells’ in the skin

  • seen in diabetes
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3
Q

velvety hyperpigmented patches commonly found in skin folds e.g. axillae

A

acanthosis nigricans

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4
Q

what metabolic condition causes acanthosis nigricans

A

diabets

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5
Q

what malignancy causes acanthosis nigricans

A

GI adenocarcinoma

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6
Q

red spot that blances on pressure + fills from centre

A

spider naevi

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7
Q

difference between spider naevi and telangectasia

A

spider naevi fill from centre

telangectasia fill from edge

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8
Q

what causes spider naevi

A

liver disease

oral contraceptive pill

pregnancy

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9
Q

what is addisons disease

A

autoimmune antibodies against adrenal cortex causing deficiency of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

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10
Q

skin manifestations of addisons disease

A

skin hyperpigmentation

  • especiialy in sun exposed areas/skin creases/mucosa

palmar crease pigmentation

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11
Q

why is hyperpigmentation seen in addisons disease

A

reduced negative feedback of pituitary hormones – increased ACTH production

ACTH made from same precursor as melanocyte stimulating hormone

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12
Q

symmeytrical erythematous lesions on legs, shiny orange peel skin

A

Pretibial myoxedema

  • Grave’s disease
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13
Q

pathophysiolgy of pretibial myoxedema

A

hyaluronic acid deposition in dermis – pink colouration + thickening

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14
Q

skin manifestations of Grave’s disease

A

pretibial myoxedema

warm, flushed skin

Grave’s eye disease - driven by lymphocyte infiltration of connective tissue, hyaluronic acid deposition + lipogenesis

hair thinning

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15
Q

skin manifestations of hypothyroidism

A

brittle, course hair

dry skin

periorbital odema

facial puffiness

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16
Q

what is pellagra

A

Vitamin B3 deficiency

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17
Q

features of pellagra

A

3 D’s

  • Weeping Dermatitis
  • Dementia
  • Diarrhoea
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18
Q

what is scurvy

A

vitamin C deficiency

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19
Q

features of scurvy

A

bleeding gums

perifollicular haemorrhages

corkscrew hairs

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20
Q

itially red pustules/papules that coalesce to progress to necrotic ulcers with violaceous borders

characteristic of?

A

pyogerma gangrenosum

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21
Q

causes of pyogerma gangrenosum

A

IBD - UC/crohn’s

Myeloma

Acute myeloid leukaemia

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22
Q

treatment pyoderma gangrenosum

Study These Flashcards
A

oral steroids

23
Q

acutely unwell + tender papules/plaques but no ulcers

characteristic of?

Study These Flashcards
A

febrile neutrophilic dermatosis

(also known as sweet syndrome)

24
Q

what caues febrile neutrophilic dermatosis

Study These Flashcards
A

IBD

pregnancy

URTI

gastroenteritis

25
raised, red, tender nodules on shins
erythema nodosum
26
where is the inflammation in erythema nodosum
panniculitis - inflammation of subcutaneous fat
27
causes of erythema nodosum
**SITS** **O**n leg**S** **S**trep infection **I**BD **T**B **S**arcoidosis **O**ral contraceptive **S**ulphonamides
28
what is lupus erythematosus
autoimmune type 3 hypersensitivity disease that can have multi-system involvement
29
what are the clinical varients of lupus
1. chronic discoid lupus (CDLE) 2. subacute cutaneous 3. Systemic lupus (SLE)
29
features of chronic discoid lupus (CDLE)
Fixed, erythematous, scaly, plaques with telangectasia often found on face/sun exposed sites -- heal with scarring photosensitivity scarring alopecia
30
antibodies found in lupus
ANA anti-dsDNA anti-smith
31
treatment of CDLE
potent topical steroids oral hydroxychloroquine
32
features of subacute cutaneous lupus
widespread annular erythematous scaly plaques symmetrical distribution upper back/shoulders/arms most common sites
33
treatment of subacute lupus
hydroxychloroquine
34
cutaneous features of systemic lupus (SLE)
butterfly rash photosensitive prominent nail fold cappillaries
35
blood results in lupus
FBC: low Hb, Low lymphocytes, low platelets Increased ESR CRP normal increased urea increased creatinine
36
what is systemic sclerosis
multi system autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation damage + fibrosis of skin and internal organs
37
pathophysiology of skin changes in systemic sclerosis
thicking of connective tissue due to over production of collagen + fibrilin
38
what is scleroderma
thickened, firm, tight skin - commonly affects the fingers -- sclerodactyly
39
what are the two types of systemic sclerosis
1. limited - fibrosis restricted to hands, distal arms, face + neck 2. diffuse - fibrosis affects chest, abdomen, upper arms. - internal organ disease common
40
antibody associated with systemic sclerosis
anti-centromere
41
features of systemic sclerosis
**CREST** **C**alcinosis **R**aynauds **E**sophageal dysmotility **S**clerodactyly **T**elangectasia
42
treatment of scleroderma
cyclophosphamide / methotrexate
43
treatment of reynauds
calcium channel blockers e.g. amlodipine
44
heliotrope rash gottons papules characteristic of?
dermatomyositis
45
features of dermatomyositis
heliotrope rash gottrons papules - back of hands proximal muscle weakneass myositis - raised CK may be due to underlying malignancy
46
features of vasculitis
raised + palpable painful purpuric rash often localised to shins can blister + ulcerate
47
what is mycosis fungoides
cutaneous T cell lymphoma
48
presentation of mycosis fungiodes
itchy, patchy rash slowing progressing to plaque stage and eventual tumour stage often on trunk lymphadenopathy
49
treatment mycosis fungoides
topical steroids
50
unilateral nipple eczema may be suggestive of what disease?
pagets disease of the nipple
51
presentation of kaposi's sarcoma
purple papules / plaques which may ulcerate
52
what causes kaposi's sarcoma
human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) - affects people with HIV

Year 4: Dermatology (17 decks)

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