Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Question 1

Define systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Answer 1

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem disorder that most commonly affects women during their reproductive years. It is characterised by the presence of antinuclear antibodies.

Question 2

Explain the aetiology/risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Answer 2

Female sex
Age 15 to 45 years
African/Asian descent in Europe and US
Drugs

Question 3

Summarise the epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Answer 3

Methods applied to study the epidemiology of SLE have limitations. Common to all studies is that the disease occurs most frequently between the ages of 15 and 45 years, when it is 12 times more common in females than in males.

Question 4

Recognise the presenting symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recognise the signs of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on physical examination.

Answer 4

Malar (butterfly) rash
Photosensitive rash
Discoid rash
Fatigue
Weight loss
Fever
Oral ulcers
Alopecia
Arthralgia/arthritis
Fibromyalgia
Raynaud’s phenomenon

Question 5

Identify appropriate investigations for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and interpret the results.

Answer 5

Anti-DSDNA
ANA
FBC and differential
Activated PTT
Urea and electrolytes
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and CRP
Urinalysis
Chest x-ray
ECG