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NBEO Review-AA > Systemic Medication > Flashcards

Systemic Medication Flashcards

1
Q

Medication causing Papilledema

A 
CANT
C- Contraceptives
A- Vitamin A and Accutane
N- Naladixic
T- Tetracyclines( minocycline, doxycycline)
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2
Q

Medication causing toxicity-optic nerve Pallor

A

Ethambutol
Isoniazid
Amiodarone

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3
Q

Celexa (Citalopram Hydrobromide)

A

SSRIs

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4
Q

Mirapex (pramipexole)

A

Anti-Parkinson Therapies

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5
Q

Plavix (pramipexole)

A

Blood thinners

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6
Q

Trazodone

A

antidepressant medicine

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7
Q

Dyrenium (Triamterene)

A

Diuretic (water pill)

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8
Q

Bactroban (mupirocin topical )

A

antibiotic

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9
Q

Imitrex (sumatriptan)

A

Headache medicine that narrows blood vessels around the brain.

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10
Q

Drugs causing NAION

A

Viagra
Imitrex (sumatriptan)
Amiodarone

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11
Q

Which layers of cornea are Hydrophobic and which are hydrophilic

A

Epithelium and Endothelium are hydrophobic

Stroma is hydrophilic

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12
Q

What are the side effects of Pilocarpine

A 
Headaches and myopic shift
Miosis
Cataract( anterior cortical)
Retinal detachment 
Secondary angle closure ( pupillary block)
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13
Q

Pilocarpine is used for diagnosis of

A

1% to differentiate from CN III palsy from sphincter tear.

0.125% for Adies tonic pupil

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14
Q

Contraindication with Down syndrome patients

A

Scopolamine
Atropine
CNS toxicity

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15
Q

Standard drug for treating anterior uveitis

A

Homatropine , effects is 1-3 days

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16
Q

Naphazolin (Naphcon)
Tetrahydrozoline ( Visine)
Phenylephrine

A

Ocular decongestant used clinically.

Excessive Visine use> fixed dilated pupil . Recurrent subconjhemes.

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17
Q

Brimonidine

A

Neuro protective properties
Conjunctival follicles, ocular allergic reactions, and ocular pruritus (itching).
Causes Miosis
Dry mouth
headache, blurring, foreign body sensation, fatigue/drowsiness,
Ocular hyperemia, burning and stinging,

Contraindicated using with MOI
TID dosing

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18
Q

Apraclonidine ( Iopidine)

A

For Acute IOP lowering
Taxhyphylaxis properties
Can be used for diagnosing Horner’s syndrome.

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19
Q

Horner syndrome diagnosis

A 
Cocaine-no dilation
Apraclonidine-dilation
Hydroxyamphetamine
  Pre> Dilation
  Post>no Dilation
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20
Q

The only B-1 selective B-blocker is……….. And is safe to prescribe for Asthma and COPD patients.

A

Betaxolol ( Betoptic-S)
Has Neuroprotective qualities
Safe for Pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma and severe COPD
Less CNS side effects

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21
Q

Timolol ( Timoptic)

A 
Non-selective B-blocker
Morning dosage
Crossover effect
Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia
Mask symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Symptoms exacerbated with myasthenia gravies patients
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22
Q

LEVOBUNOLOL ( betagan)

A

Similar to Timolol

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23
Q

CAIs are…

A

Topicals
Brinzolamide (Azopt)
Dorzolamide ( Trusopt)

Orals
Acetazolamide( Diamox)
Methazolamide( neptazane)

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24
Q

Prostaglandin Analogs

A 
Latanoprost ( Xalatan 0.005%)
Bimatoprost ( Lumigan 0.03%)
Travoprost ( Travatan 0.004%)
Activate Phospolipase C
Bedtime dosing
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25
Prostaglandin Analogs Contraindications
CME patients especially cataract surgery post-op . Cases of active inflammation Previous episode of HS keratitis
26
Conjunctival Hyperemia can occur with which Prostaglandin Analogs
Lumigan Least common with Xalatan Pruritis with Lumigan
27
H1 Antihistamine
Emedastine ( Emadine) Commonly used with combination Like Naphcon A
28
Mast cell stabilizers
``` Cromolyn sodium( Crolom) QID Lodoxamide (Alomide) QID Pamirolast ( Alamast) Nedocromil ( Alocril) ``` Preventing Ca2+ influx
29
Mast cell + Antihistamine
``` Bepotastine ( Bepreve) Epinastine (Elestat) Ketotifen (Zaditor) Olopatadine ( Patanol) Azelastine (Optivar) Olopatadine 0.20% ( pataday) ```
30
Potent steroid
Prednisolone 1% Rimexolone ( Vexol) Difluprednate (Durezol) Dexamethasone ( Maxidex) 0.1%
31
Soft steroids
Fluorometholone ( FML) 0.1% | Loteprednol ( Lotemax) 0.5%
32
Topical NSAIDs
- Diclofenac ( voltaren) (qid) - Ketorolac tromethamine (Acular LS ) (Qid)"approved for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis " - Nepafenac ( Nevanec) (tid) - Bromfenac (xibrom) (bid, contains BAK and sodium sulfite) ,Bromday (qd) - Flurbiprofen (Ocufen) used prior ocular surgery ( contains thimerosal)
33
Topical NSAIDs side effects
Corneal toxicity Corneal melting Stinging upon instillation Subconjunctival hemorrhage
34
ARMD treatment injections
Pegaptanib (Macugen) | Ranibizumab ( Lucentis)
35
Hyperosmotic agents
Glycerine ( osmoglyn) Isosirbide ( for Diabetic patients ) Sodium Chloride ( Muro) > hypertonic solution used to decrease corneal edema
36
Patient toxic reaction to preservative
Diffuse SPK and follicles
37
Bacitracin
prevents transfer of peptidoglycan into the growing cell wall
38
Toxoplasmosis treatment
Pyrimerhamine (Daraprim) given orally | Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
39
Polytrim is combination drug of
Trimethoprim + Polymyxin B effective with gram + and - not effective toward psudomonas
40
Oral Sulfonamides can cause what in children
Kernicterus in infants from excess bilirubin in brain and myopic changes in ref error
41
Neosporin
Neomycin added to Polysporin (antibiotic ointment, combination of Bacitracin (G+) + Polymyxin B (G -)
42
Penicillins
Amoxicillin ( Principen) Dicloxacillin ( Dynapen) Augmentin > Clavulanic acid + Amoxicillin (G+ and G- ) Hypersensitive reaction are common side effect
43
Dicloxacillin ( Dynapen) is prescribed for ....
eyelid infections - Hordeola - blepharitis
44
1st generation of Cephalosporins
G + Cephalexin ( Keflex) used to skin infections Hypersensitive reaction and alters Vit K absorption
45
2nd and 3rd generation of Cephalosporins
Ceftriaxone ( Rocephin) G+ and G- treatment for Gonorrhea infections Hypersensitive reaction and alters Vit K absorption
46
Fluoroquinolones 2nd generation
Gram (-) Ciprofloxacin ( Ciloxan, Cipro) -urinary and GI infections Ofloxacin ( Ocuflox)
47
Fluoroquinolones 3rd generation
Gram (+) Levofloxacin (Quixin) the only Topical NOT approved for 1 year of age and older
48
Fluoroquinolones 4th generation
Gram (+) Gatifloxacin ( Zymar) Moxifloxacin ( Vigamox, Avelox) Besifloxacin (Besivance)
49
Fluoroquinolones used for ....
Contact lens related ulcers corneal abrations Bacterial conjunctivitis Oral>>> causes Tendinitis, not for pregnancy and children
50
Prostaglandins side effects
``` Conjunctival hyperemia Iris color change Eyelash changes Skin pigmentation Deepening of upper eye lid sulcus (DUES) ```
51
Prostaglandins side effects
``` Conjunctival hyperemia Iris color change Eyelash changes Skin pigmentation Deepening of upper eye lid sulcus (DUES) ```
52
Prostaglandin systemic side effects
None Prostaglandin analog reaches systemic circulation Metabolized by liver Elimination by kidneys Half life 17 minutes in human plasma In contrast to timolol no effect on blood pressure
53
Prostaglandins drug interdictions
Eye drops containing thimerasol (preservative) will form a precipitate when mixed with latanoprost Use 5 minutes apart
54
CNS side effect of beta-blockers
Anxiety, depression, fatigue, lethargy, confusion, sleep disturbance, memory loss and dizziness Sexual dysfunction Decreased libido men and women Impotence in men
55
Apraclonidine Pharmacology and MOA
``` More hydrophillic Does not penetrate eyes and blood brain barrier More apha-2 selective Wide therapeutic index Mechanism of action: Decreased aqueous production Improves trabecular outflow Decreases episcleral venous pressure ```
56
Angle closure drops
1-Pilocarpine Angle closure with pupillary block 1 or 2% two to 3 times in 30 minutes
57
Drugs causing Whorl Keratopathy
CHAI-T - Chloroquine - Hydroxy Chloroquine - Amiodarone - Indomethacin - Tamoxifen
58
Drugs causing " Blue Sclera"
- topical steroids | - Minocyclin
59
Systemic SE of steroids
``` Diabetes or insulin resistance Peptic ulcer Immune suppression Osteoporosis Decrease collagen ( decrease fibroblasts proliferation) Increase HTN ```
60
Ocular SE of steroids
PSC cataract Glaucoma Increase risk of secondary infection
61
Triamcinolone (Kenalog) SE
Endopthalmitis Increased IOP De pigmentation of eyelid
62
Periservitives in tear substitute
Methyl cellulose | Polyvinyl alcohol

NBEO Review-AA (15 decks)

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