Systemic Therapy Study

Question 1

Types of biopsies

Answer 1

fine needle
core needle
incisional
excisional
sentinel node

Question 2

what’s the difference between excisional and incisional biopsies

Answer 2

incisional: removal of small section of tumor
excisional: removal of entire tumor + some of the surrounding tissue

Question 3

Which type of biopsy is used when the fine needle and core needle biopsies are inconclusive?

Answer 3

Incisional

Question 4

T/F: well differentiated means the cells look and act normal - like the tissue they’re from

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What are the 3 goals of treatment?

Answer 5

Cure
Control
Palliation

Question 6

What’s the difference between adjuvant and neoadjuvant?

Answer 6

Adjuvant: tx that follows the primary tx
neoadjuvant: tx before primary tx

Question 7

T/F: slow growing tumors are more responsive to chemotherapy

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What are the cell cycle specific agents (3 or 4)

Answer 8

Antimetabolites
Vinca Alkaloids and Taxanes
Topoisomerase I and II inhibitors

Question 9

Which phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites work on?

Answer 9

S phase

Question 10

Examples of antimetabolites

Answer 10

Fluorouracil, methotrexate. fludarabine

Question 11

which phase of the cell cycle do vinca alkaloids and taxanes work on?

Answer 11

mitosis (M) phase

Question 12

Which classes act on the S and G2 phases?

Answer 12

Topoisomerase I and II inhibitors (ex. irinotecan and topotecan)

Question 13

What are the classes of cell cycle nonspecific agents

Answer 13

alkylating agents
nitrosoureas
antitumour antibiotics

Question 14

Which classification are cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, and cisplatin part of?

Answer 14

Alkylating agents

Question 15

Examples of drugs in Nitrosoureas classification

Answer 15

carmustine, lomustine

Question 16

Which classification are epirubicin, doxorubucin, and bleomycin part of?

Answer 16

antitumor antibiotics (anthracyclines)

Question 17

How to calculate BSA?

Answer 17

Ht x Wt, /3600
Square root of this #

Question 18

What are tyrosine kinases and what are they responsible for?

Answer 18

enzymes are regulators of signal transduction and responsible for cell signalling, growth, division

Question 19

What are proteasome inhibitors and what do they do?
what do they end in?

Answer 19

inhibiting the recycling of ptoteins within the cell, causing a backlog of proteins that can trigger cell death. Cancer cells are more sensitive to the buildup
Ends in -mib

Question 20

Y/N: monoclonal antibodies are considered targeted and immunotherapies?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

Examples of PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors

Answer 21

atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab

Question 22

examples of PD-1 inhibitors

Answer 22

nivolumab, pembrolizumab

Question 23

T/F: fever may be the only symptom of febrile neutropenia

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

When does thrombocytopenia usually occur post treatment?

Answer 24

8-14 days post treatment

Question 25

What is the common presentation of thrombocytopenia?

Answer 25

bleeding, nose bleeds, bleeding gums, nose bleeds

Question 26

Which chemo causes onycholysis (nail peeling)? and how can this be prevented?

Answer 26

docetaxel. frozen gloves.

Question 27

Which chemo causes photosensitivity? (4)

Answer 27

Vinblastine, fluorouracil, methotrexate, dacarbazine

Question 28

which chemos have the highest risk for causing alopecia? (6)

Answer 28

irinotecan, doxorubicin, docetaxel, paclitaxel, etoposide, cyclyphosphamide

Question 29

Which chemos have higher risk for cardiac toxicities? (6)

Answer 29

Doxorubicin epirubicin fluorouracil cyclophosphamide doxetaxel

Question 30

Which are the platinum chemos?

Answer 30

cisplatin, oxaliplatin

Question 31

is cytokine release syndrome an IgE mediated immune reaction?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

What is an early indicator that bevacizumab is working?

Answer 32

hypertension

Question 33

A flare reaction is common with which drugs?

Answer 33

doxorubicin, epirubicin

Question 34

T/F: carboplatin and oxaliplatin are the most common meds to show hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T/F: hormone therapy is considered a curative treatment?

Answer 35

false

Question 36

how do selective estrogen receptor modulators work?

Answer 36

block estrogen. Bind to estrogen receptors. mimic estrogen receptors. block estrogen action in breast cells

Question 37

which hormone therapy would be used for breast cancer in premenopausal women?

Answer 37

Selective estrogen receptor modulator- tamoxifen

Question 38

Which type of hormone therapy (receptor/regulator) is Fulvestrant?

Answer 38

selective estrogen receptor downregulators

Question 39

Which hormone does aromatase inhibitors block?

Answer 39

estrogen

Question 40

What is a hormone flare during therapy?

Answer 40

initial increase in estrogen/testosterone production

Question 41

Differences between group 1 and group 2 hazardous drugs?

Answer 41

type 1: known/probable carcinogen type 2: not carcinogen but has other side effects (like teratogenic/causes cell mutations/organ toxicities.)