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Zoology > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

It is brownish-black and absorbs potentially damaging radiation

A

Melanin

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2
Q

It produces melanin

A

Melanocytes

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3
Q

It prevents the entry of foreign substances

A

Integument

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4
Q

Keeps body fluids inside and protects it from desiccation

A

Integument

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5
Q

Has a delicate cellular membrane

A

Amoeba (unicellular protozoans)

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6
Q

Has a firm elastic membrane

A

Paramecium (unicellular protozoans)

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7
Q

It is a firm elastic membrane

A

Pellicle

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8
Q

Its integument is made of spicules and spongin fibers

A

Sponges

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9
Q

Its integument is made of corchiolin and CaCO3

A

Mollusca

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10
Q

Its Integument is made of cuticle and chitin

A

Insects (anthropods)

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11
Q

Its Integument is made of cuticle and CaCO3

A

Crustaceans (anthropods)

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12
Q

The 2 evolutionary trends among vertebrates that moved to dry land

A

Keratinization and Emergence of recessed glands with ducts to the skin’s surface

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13
Q

Produces Keratin

A

Keratinocytes

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14
Q

It is a water-resistant protein

A

Keratin

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15
Q

What does the fish integument have as its protection?

A

Dermal scales

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16
Q

What integument has an epidermis that has thin stratum and little keratin, and rarely has scales?

A

Amphibian Integument

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17
Q

Have adapted to live in arid climate

A

Reptiles

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18
Q

Scales, Horns, Hooves, Nails, Beaks, Claws, and Hair are examples of

A

Keratinized structures

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19
Q

It helps in movement and it gives form and shape

A

Skeleton

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20
Q

What type of skeleton consists of a fluid under pressure in a closed body compartment?

A

Hydroskeleton

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21
Q

It is a skeleton that is outside the body

A

Exoskeleton

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22
Q

What skeleton is heavy and does not allow an organism to grow too large?

A

Exoskeleton

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23
Q

It is a process when an organism with an exoskeleton sheds or removes their skeleton to grow larger

A

Molting

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24
Q

The skeleton is berried within the soft tissues

A

Endoskeletion

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25
This skeleton allows the organism to continue to grow but is an ineffective protection against predators
Endoskeleton
26
What is the vertebrate skeletal system composed of (3)?
Ligament, Cartilage, and Bone
27
It is a fibrous connective tissue that maximizes non-elastic strength
Ligament
28
It is a fibrous connective tissue that allows great flexibility
Cartilage
29
Makes cartilage strong yet flexible (2)
Chondroitin sulfate and collagen
30
It secretes chondroitin sulfate and collagen
Chondrocytes
31
It is the material used as a skeleton of elasmobranchs
Cartilage
32
Its function is for movement and support of the body (a composition of the skeletal system)
Bone
33
It stores minerals such as calcium and phosphate ions
Bone
34
It is the major structural supportive tissue of the body
Bone tissue
35
It is a muscle that is long, has striated cells with multiple nuclei
Skeletal muscle
36
Muscle that is used for contraction (voluntary movement)
Skeletal Muscle
37
This muscle has long, spindle shaped cells and is found in hollow organs
Smooth muscle
38
It is a muscle used for the propulsion of substances along internal passages
Smooth muscle
39
This muscle has branching, striated cells, and it is found in the walls of the heart
Cardiac muscle
40
Attachment of the muscle to the bone that does not move
Origin
41
Attachment of the muscle to the bone that does move
Insertion
42
Thick and thin filaments
Microfibrils
43
It is the basic functional unit of the muscle, and is located between 2 z-lines
Sarcomere
44
It is responsible for the striated appearance of the skeletal muscle
Z-lines
45
In the contractile filaments (actin) where does Ca2+ attach to?
Troponin
46
What pulls tropomyosin away exposing the myosin binding sites
Troponin-Ca2+
47
It is the communication system. It maintains homeostasis.
Nervous system
48
It is connected to endocrine glands, muscles, and other tissues. It allows signals to be slow and consistent, fast and transient, or a combination of the two
Neurons
49
It is the arousing nervous system
Sympathetic
50
It is the calming nervous system
Parasympathetic
51
The brain and the spinal chord is part of which nervous system?
Central nervous system
52
The sensory and motor division is part of which nervous system?
Peripheral nervous system
53
It is a principle where in action potential is nerve impulse.
All or None Principle
54
How much (in mV) membrane potential is there if it is in the resting state?
-70mV
55
How much mV is the membrane potential in the threshold level?
-55mV
56
How long does a nerve impulse happen?
about 2ms
57
What are the passive membrane transport mechanisms in the conduction of a nerve impulse?
Sodium and Potassium Channels
58
What is the active membrane transport mechanism in the conduction of a nerve impulse?
Sodium-Potassium Pump
59
It is a point where the axon of one neuron to the dendrites of another neuron
Synapse
60
What allows saltatory conduction which speeds up transmission? (part of a neuron)
Node of Ranvier
61
It is the conversion of parts of organisms onto their basic components
Digestion
62
In digestion, the transport of small molecules is easy (true or false)
True
63
The 2 compounds involved in digestion
Water and Enzymes
64
It removes water to form a new bond
Dehydration reaction
65
It adds water to break a bond
Hydrolysis
66
Enzymes that function within the cell
Intracellular enzymes
67
Enzymes that are manufactured in the cell but function outside the cell
Extracellular enzymes
68
In intracellular digestion, how is food engulfed?
Phagocytosis
69
A digestive system with a single opening
Gastrovascular cavity
70
A digestive system with 2 openings
Alimentary canal (gastrointestinal tract)
71
What are the four basic tissue layers?
Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa
72
Food + Saliva
bolus
73
What breaks down complex sugars
Salivary amylase
74
It sac like and collects ingested food.
Stomach
75
It is the alimentary canal's longest compartment and it absorbs nutrients
Small intestine
76
Where do the liver and the pancreas empty their secretions to?
Duodenum
77
It is the largest internal organ and it produces bile salts
Liver
78
It reabsorbs water and acts as a refuse dump to facilitate elimination
Large Intestine
79
The circulatory system uses diffusion since it is fast (true or false)
False
80
What are the two types of Circulatory systems?
Open and close
81
The open circulatory system opens in the_____
hemocoel
82
Big tubes have lower resistance which means the fluid flows through it ____
fast
83
Fluid flows faster in smaller tubes because they have higher resistance (true or false)
False
84
What system returns fluid back into the cardiovascular system?
Lymphatic system
85
What blood vessel sends blood away from the heart?
Artery
86
What blood vessel sends blood to the heart?
Vein
87
What part of the circulatory system pumps the blood?
Heart
88
A human heart has how many chambers?
4
89
The human body is composed of __% water
73%
90
In the 73% water our body has, how much of that is intracellular water?
44%
91
what component is 50% of extracellular water?
Plasma water
92
In blood, Plasma is __%
55%
93
In blood cellular elements are __%
45%
94
What cellular element in blood is for defense and immunity?
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
95
What cellular element in blood is for blood clotting?
Platelets
96
What cellular element in blood is for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
97
In each microliter of blood, how many platelets are there?
250,000 - 400,000
98
In each microliter of blood, how many leukocytes are there?
5,000 - 10,000
99
In each microliter of blood, how many erythrocytes are there?
5M - 6M
100
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Zoology (1 decks)

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