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systems Flashcards

1
Q

bugs that cause bloody diarrhea (7)

A
  1. campylobacter (c. jejuni)
  2. EHEC
  3. EIEC
  4. Salmonella
  5. Shigella
  6. yersinia enterocolitica
  7. entaemoeba histolytica (protozoa)
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2
Q

bugs that cause watery diarrhea (6)

A
  1. c difficile
  2. c perfringens
  3. ETEC - traveler’s diarrhea
  4. vibrio cholera
  5. viruses (rotavirus, norovirus)
  6. protozoa (giardia, cryptosporidium)
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3
Q

comma- or S-shaped organism
grows at 42 degrees
causes blood diarrhea

A

campylobacter

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4
Q

protozoan
amebig dysentry
liver abscess
bloody diarrhea

A

entaemoeba histolytica

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5
Q

can cause HUS
makes shiga-like oxin
bloody diarrhea

A

EHEC

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6
Q

invades colonic mucosa

bloody diarrhea

A

EIEC

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7
Q

lactose negative
flagella
animal reservoir
bloody diarrhea

A

salmonella

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8
Q

lactose negative
Shiga toxin
bloody diarrhea

A

Shigaella

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9
Q

day-care outbreaks
pseudoappendicitis
bloody diarrhea

A

yersinia enterocolitica

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10
Q

pseudomembranous colitis

watery diarrhea, sometimes bloody diarrhea

A

c. diffficile

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11
Q

gas gangrene

watery diarrhea

A

c. perfringens

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12
Q

traveler’s diarrhea
heat labile and heat stable toxin
watery diarrhea

A

ETEC

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13
Q

comma-shaped
rice-water diarrhea
infected seafood
watery diarrhea

A

vibrio cholera

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14
Q

PNA bugs in neonates

2

A
  1. GBS

2. E coli

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15
Q

PNA in children (4wk - 18yr) (5)

A
  1. RSV
  2. mycoplasma
  3. chlamydia trachomatis
  4. chlamydia pneumoniae
  5. strep pneumoniae

Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum

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16
Q

PNA in young adults (3)

A
  1. Mycoplasma
  2. Chlamydia pneumoniae
  3. strep pneumo
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17
Q

PNA in older adults (5)

A
  1. strep pneumo
  2. h flu
  3. anaerobes
  4. viruses
  5. mycoplasma
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18
Q

PNA in elderly (5)

A
  1. strep pnuemo
  2. influenza virus
  3. anaerobes
  4. h flu
  5. GN rods
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19
Q

PNA in alcoholics and IVDU’s (3)

A
  1. strep pneumo
  2. klebsiella
  3. staph
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20
Q

PNA in aspiration (1)

A

anaerobes

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21
Q

atypical PNA (3)

A
  1. mycoplasma
  2. legionalla
  3. chlamydia
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22
Q

CF PNA (3)

A

pseudomonas, staph, strep pnemo

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23
Q

PNA in immunocompromised (5)

A
  1. staph
  2. enteric GN rods
  3. fungi
  4. viruses
  5. pneumocystis
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24
Q

nosocomial PNA (3)

A
  1. staph
  2. pseudomonas
  3. enteric GN rods
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25
postviral PNA (3)
1. staph 2. h flu 3. strep pneumo
26
Newborn meningitis bugs (3)
1. GBS 2. E coli 3. Listeria
27
childhood meningitis bugs (4)
1. strep pneumo 2. meningococcus 3. h flu B 4. enterovirus
28
adult meningitis bugs (4)
1. strep pnuemo 2. meningococcus 3. enterovirus 4. HSV
29
elderly meningitis bugs (3)
1. strep pneumo 2. GN rods 3. listeria
30
treating meningitis
`ctx and vanc + amp if listeria suspected
31
CSF of fungal meningitis - opening pressure - cell type - protein - sugar
- elevated pressure - lots of lymphocytes - lots of protein - less sugar
32
CSF of TB meningitis - opening pressure - cell type - protein - sugar
- elevated pressure - lots of lymphocytes - lots of protein - less sugar
33
CSF of bacterial meningitis - opening pressure - cell type - protein - sugar
- elevated pressure - lots of PMNs - lots of protein - less sugar
34
CSF of viral meningitis - opening pressure - cell type - protein - sugar
- normal to increased pressure - lots of lymphocytes - normal to elevated protein - normal sugar
35
most common osteomyelitis
staph aureus
36
osteomyelitis in sexually active
septic arthritis or neisseria gonorrhoeae
37
osteomyelitis in DM and IVDU (2)
1. pseudomonas | 2. serratia
38
osteomyelitis in sickle cell (1)
salmonella
39
osteomyelitis in prosthetic joint replacement (2)
1. staph aureus | 2. staph epidermidis
40
osteomyelitis w/vertebral involvement (1)
Pott disease *( mycobacterium)
41
osteomyelitis with cat and dog bites (1)
pasteurella multicodia
42
UTI lab markers: leukocyte esterase indicates what
bacterial UTI
43
UTI lab markers: nitrite test + indicates what
GN bacterial UTI
44
top three UTI bugs
1. E coli 2. staph saprophyticus 3. klebsiella pneumoniae
45
which UTI bug causes struvite stones and why
Proteus mirabilis b/c it has urease
46
which UTI bug causes blug-green pigment and fruity odor
pseudomonas
47
three common vaginal infections
1. bacterial vaginosis 2. trichomoniasis 3. candida vulvovaginitis
48
signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis (3)
no inflammation thin, white discharge fishy odor
49
signs and symptoms of trichomoniasis (2)
inflammation | frothy,green-grey foul-smelling discharge
50
signs and symptoms of candida vulvovaginitis (2)
inflammation | thick, white cottage cheese discharge
51
lab findings of bacterial vaginosis
clue cells | pH > 4.5
52
lab findings of trichomoniasis
motile trichomonads | pH > 4.5
53
lab findings of candida vulvovaginitis
``` pseudohyphae pH normal (4.0-4.5) ```
54
treatment for bacterial vaginosis
metronidazole
55
treatment for trichomoniasis
metro for both pt and partner
56
treatment for candida vulvovaginitis
-azoles
57
TORCHHeS infections
1. toxo 2. rubella 3. CMV 4. HIV 5. HSV-2 6. Syphilis
58
what infection can cause hydrops fetalis?
parvovirus B19
59
what does neonatal toxo infection look like? | - triad
1. chorioretinitis 2. hydrocephalus 3. intracranial calcifications
60
what does neonatal rubella infection look like - triad - and look
1. PDA 2. cataracts 3. deafness blueberry muffin rash
61
what does neonatal CMV infection look like | - 4)
1. hearing loss 2. seizures 3. petechial rash 4. blueberry muffin rash
62
what does neonatal HIV infection look like? (2)
1. recurrent infections | 2. chronic diarrhea
63
what does neonatal HSV-2 look like (2)
1. encephalitis | 2. herpectic (vesicular lesions)
64
what does neonatal syphilis look like if baby survives? 5)
1. notched teeth 2. saddle nose 3. short maxilla 4. saber sinus 5. CN VIII deafness
65
Red rashes of childhood (7)
1. Coxsackie A 2. HHV-6 (roseola) 3. Measles virus (paramyxo) 4. Parvovirus B19 5. rubella virus (togavirus) - German measles 6. Strep pyogenes 7. VZV
66
Hand foot mouth disease by what bug
coxsackievirus A
67
Coxsackie A rash presentation
palms and soles: vesicular rash oral mucosa: vesicles ulcers
68
HHV-6 - what syndrome - presentation
Roseola all over body: macular rash after several days of fever
69
Measles virus - what kind of virus - what is Measles also called - presentation
Paramyxovirus Rubeola First CCCK: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, koplik ... then Head --> moves down: rash
70
parvovirus b19 - what syndrome does it cause - presetnation - what can it cause if in pregnant woman
- erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) "slapped cheek" rash on face hydrops fetalis
71
rubella virus - what syndrome - presentation
rubella head --> down: rash trunk: fine rash postauricular LAD
72
strep pyogenes - what syndrome does it cause - presentation
Scarlet fever - sand-paper rash - fever and sore throat
73
VZV - what syndrome - presentation
chicken pox trunk --> face and extremities: vesicular rash
74
rocky mountain spotted fever - what bug - presentation
- rickettsia rickettsii | - wrists and ankles --> trunk palms and soles
75
typhus - what bug - presentation
- rickettsia typhi (fleas) | - rash from inside out; spares palms and soles
76
chancroid - what is it - what causes it
- painful genital ulcer with inguinal adenopathy | - haemophilus ducreyi (do cry b/c it's painful)
77
condylomata | - what causes it
HPV 6 and 11
78
lymphogranuloma venereum - what is it - what causes it
infection of lymphatics painless genital ulcers painful LAD called buboes - chlamydria trachomatis (L1-L3)
79
chlamydia or gonorrhea more common?
chlamydia
80
RF for nosocomial candida albicans (1)
hyperalimentation
81
RF for nosocomial CMV or RSV
newborn nursey
82
RF for nocosomial proteus or e coli infection
urinary cath
83
German measles vs. measles - what infection - rash progression - other presentation
- rubella vs. paramyxo - both head down - Germans have LAD vs. regular has CCCK
84
Respiratory infections in un-immunized children
epiglottis 2/2 h flu pharyngitis 2/2 corynebacterium diphtheria
85
Asplenic risk for what organisms (3)
SHiN 1. Strep pneumo 2. h flu 3. neisseria
86
Branching rods in oral infection with sulfur granules
Actinomyces
87
chronic granulomatous disease
catalase + organisms cats go PLACESS 1. pseudomonas 2. listeria 3. aspergiolosis 4. candida 5. e coli 6. staph aureus 6. salmonella
88
currant jelly sputum
klebsiella
89
dog or cat bite
pasteurella multocida
90
facial nerve palsy
borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme)
91
fungal infection in diabetic or immunocomp
Mucor or Rhizopus spp
92
neutropenic pts
candida albicans or aspergillus
93
organ transplant pt what bug
CMV
94
PAS + bug
tropheryma whipplei (whipple disease)
95
PNA in burn pts
pseudomonas
96
pus, empyema, abscess
staph aureus
97
rash on hands and feet
coxsackie A, treponema pallidum, rickettsia rickettsii
98
surgical wound infection
staph aureus
99
traumatic open wound infection
c perfringens `
100
how does c perfringens cause damage
Phospholipase toxin that attacks cell MB and causes death - | - extensive tissue damage, necrosis
101
Erythema infectiosum caused by what
parvovirus B19
102
presentation of erythema infectiosum (2)
malar rash with "slapped cheek" | lacelike rash on trunk and extremities
103
complications of erythema infectiosum (2)
1. aplastic crisis in sickle cell | 2. aplastic crisis in immunocompromised
104
what does Rubella virus cause
German measles aka Rubella
105
presentation of rubella
1. maculopapular rash: head to trunk and extremities | 2. occipital and postauricular LAD
106
imp[ortant complications of rubella
congenital rubella syndrome (blueberry muffin)
107
Measles is caused by what
Rubeola aka measles virus
108
presentation of measles (2)
1. maculopapular rash: head to trunk and extremities | 2. rash preceded by CCCK: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots
109
complications of measles (2)
1. bronchopneumonia | 2. encephalitis
110
roseola is caused by what
HHV6
111
presentation of rosela (2)
1. high fever 3-5d THEN rash | 2. macules and papules: trunk to extremities
112
which of the pediatric erythemas are self-limited?
roseola
113
scarlet fever is caused by what
strep pyogenes
114
presentaion of scarlet fever (2)
1. sandpaper-like rash: neck, armpits, groin, then generalize 2. a/w fever and sore throat
115
complications of scarlet fever (2)
1. rheumatic fever | 2. glomerulonephritis
116
Hand foot and mouth disease caused by what
Coxsackievirus A
117
presentation of hand foot mouth disease (3)
1. fever 2. ulcers on tongue and oral mucosa 3. maculopapular rash on palms and soles

Microbiology (11 decks)

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