Systems Flashcards
How many different systems are there in the human body? What are they?
11: Integumentary, Muscular, Skeletal, Nervous, Endocrine, Lymphatic + immune, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive
How many different structural levels are there in the human body? What are they?
6: Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism
What are the components of the chemical level? What is its purpose?
Atoms and Molecules (e.g. DNA), they are the building blocks of the organism
What is the component of the Cellular level? Give an example. What is its purpose and how is the Chemical level used in this structure?
Cells (e.g. muscle cell, brain cells etc.)
Basic structural/functional units of the body, they are made of many molecules
What is the component of the Tissue level? Give an example. How is the Cellular level used in this structure?
Tissue (e.g. smooth muscle, striated muscle, epidermis etc.)
It is a large group of cells
What is the component of the Organ level? What is its purpose and how is the Tissue level used in this structure?
Organs (e.g. heart, brain, stomach etc.)
It is a structure of specific function and is made of many tissue materials
What is the component of the System level? How is the Organ level used in this structure?
Multiple organs (e.g. digestive system = stomach, small intestine, liver etc.) Multiple organs work in unison to achieve a common purpose
What is the component of the Organism level? What is its purpose and how is the System level used in this structure?
All the systems (e.g. digestive, cardiovascular, neural etc.)
All the systems work together in unison in order for the human body to function, the systems make up the human body
What is apart of the integumentary system? What are its principle functions?
The skin, nails, sweat follicles
To protect the body from the environment (e.g. damage, UV rays…), maintain the body temperature and produce vitamin D
What are the components that make up the skin? What are their functions?
Epidermis: The outer layer of the skin protecting the deeper tissue below and is site of Vit. D synthesis
Dermis: Feeds epidermis, provides strength and layer of the sweat glands
Hypodermis: Fat stores and attaches skin to deeper layers (e.g. organs, bones)
What is the purpose of nails?
To stiffen and protect the digits
What is the main purpose of sweat follicles?
To maintain body temperature
What is apart of the muscular system? What are its principle functions?
Skeletal muscles, Axial muscles, Appendicular muscles and Tendons
Provide support and movement to the skeletal system, protect soft tissue, controls the entrance and exits of digestion, controls urinary system and produces heat
What do skeletal muscles do in particular?
Produce heat, support skeleton, protect soft tissue
What do axial muscles do in particular?
Provide support and position of the axial skeleton
What is the axial skeleton?
The bones of the head, spine and trunk
What do appendicular muscles do in particular?
Support and move the brace limbs (e.g. arms and legs)
What do tendons do in particular?
Translate contractile forces into task by attaching muscles onto bone
What is apart of the skeletal system? What are its principle functions?
Cartilage, Axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton and bone marrow
Protects and supports soft tissue, supports body weight, produces red blood cells and stores fat cells
Where is cartilage found in the skeletal system?
On all the bone interfaces
What is the purpose of the axial skeleton?
Protects brain, spinal cord, sense organs, soft tissues of the thorax (e.g. lungs, heart) and supports body weight of lower limbs
What is the purpose of the appendicular skeleton?
Provides internal support and positioning of external limbs and enables muscles to move the axial skeleton
What are the types of bone marrow? What are their functions? Where are they found? How does age affect the amount in the body?
Red bone marrow: produces red blood cells, found in flat bone (bones involved in protections of muscle attachment [e.g. rib cage, pelvis, skull]), lose during raging
Yellow bone marrow: stores fat cells and stores mineral, found in medullary cavity of long bones (e.g. femur), increases with age
What is apart of the nervous system? What are its principle functions?
Central nervous system, brain, spinal cord, special senses, peripheral nervous system
Produces nerve impulses to regulate body activities
