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Microbiology > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Normal flora skin

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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2
Q

Normal flora nose

A

S. epidermidis, colonized by S. aureus

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3
Q

Normal flora oropharynx

A

Viridans group streptococci

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4
Q

Normal flora dental plaque

A

Streptococcus mutans

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5
Q

Normal flora colon

A

Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli

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6
Q

Normal flora vagina

A

Lactobacillus, colonized by E. coli and group B strep

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7
Q

Food poisoning from seafood

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus

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8
Q

Food poisoning from reheated rice

A

Bacillus cereus

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9
Q

Food poisoning from meats, mayo, custard

A

S. aureus (preformed toxin)

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10
Q

Food poisoning from reheated meat dishes

A

Clostridium perfringes

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11
Q

Food poisoning from improperly canned foods

A

C. botulinum

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12
Q

Food poisoning from undercooked meat

A

E. coli O157:H7

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13
Q

Food poisoning from poultry, meat, eggs

A

Salmonella

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14
Q

Mimics appendicitis

A

Yersinia entercolitica is MCC of mesenteric adenitis
Nontyphoidal Salmonella
Camplyobacter jejuni

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15
Q

Bugs that cause bloody diarrhea

A

Campylobacter - comma/s-shpaed, 42 C
Salmonella - lactose (-), flagellar motility, animal reservoir, poultry/eggs
Shigella - lactose (-), low ID50, Shiga toxin
EHEC - O157:H7, HUS, Shiga-like toxin
EIEC - invades colonic mucosa
Yersinia enterocolitica - daycare outbreaks, pseudoappendicitis
Entamoeba histolytica - protozoan

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16
Q

Bugs that cause watery diarrhea

A

ETEC - traveler’s diarrhea, ST/LT toxin
Vibrio cholerae - comma shaped, rice water
C. difficile - bloody too, pseudomembranous
C. perfringens - gas gangrene
Protozoa - giardia, cryptosporidium (IC)
Viruses - rotavirus, norovirus

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17
Q

Bugs that cause pneumonia in neonates

A

Group B streptococci

E. coli

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18
Q

Bugs that cause pneumonia in children

A 
Viruses - RSV
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia trachomatis
C.pneumoniae
Streptococcus penumoniae
(Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum)
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19
Q

Bugs that cause pneumonia in adults

A

Mycoplasma
C. pneumoniae
S. pneumoniae

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20
Q

Bugs that cause pneumonia in older adults

A 
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Anaerobes
Viruses
Mycoplasma
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21
Q

Bugs that cause pneumonia in elderly

A 
S. pneumoniae
Influenza
Anaerobes
H. influenzae
Gram-negative rods
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22
Q

Nosocomial bugs pneumonia

A

Staphylococcus, enteric gram negative rods

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23
Q

IC bugs pneumonia

A

Staphylococcus, enteric gram negative rods, fungi, viruses, Pneumocystis

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24
Q

Aspiration pneumonia

A

Anaerobes

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25
Alcoholic/IVDA pneumonia
S. pneumoniae Klebsiella Staphylococcus
26
Cystic fibrosis pneumonia
Pseudomonas S.aureus S. pneumoniae
27
Postviral pneumonia
Staphylococcus H. influenzae S. pneumoniae
28
Atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydia
29
Meningitis of newborns
Group B streptococci E. coli Listeria
30
Meningitis of children
Streptococcus pneumoniae Neisseria meningitidis Haemophilus influenzae type B Enteroviruses
31
Meningitis of 6 to 60 yoa
S. pneumoniae N. meningitidis (#1 in teens) Enteroviruses HSV
32
Meningitis of 60 + yoa
S. pneumoniae Gram-negative rods Listeria
33
Tx for meningitis
ceftriaxone and vancomycin empirically and add ampicillin if Listeria is suspected
34
Viral causes of meningitis
``` Enteroviruses (coxsackievirus) HSV2 HIV West Nile VZV ```
35
Meningitis for HIV +
Cryptococcus, CMV, toxoplasmosis (brain abscess), JC virus
36
Bacterial CSF findings
increase opening pressure increased PMN increased protein decreased glucose
37
Fungal/TB CSF findings
increased opening pressure increased lymphocytes increased protein decreased glucose
38
Viral CSF findings
Normal to increased opening pressure increased lymphocytes normal to increase protein normal glucose
39
osteomyelitis typical bug children or adults? what other tests?
s. aureus children elevated CRP and ESP
40
osteomyelitis bug if sexually active
N. gonorrhoeae, septic arthritis more common
41
osteomyelitis bug if diabetics/IVDA
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia
42
osteomyelitis bug if sickle cell
Salmonella
43
osteomyelitis bug if prosthetic replacement
S. aureus, S. epidermidis
44
osteomyelitis bug if vertebral disease
mycobacterium tuberculosis (pott's disease)
45
osteomyelitis bug if cat and dog bites or scratches
Pasteurella multocida
46
UTI Cause: Clinical: Males vs females:
UTI Cause: ascension of microbes from urethra to bladder and can result in pyelonephritis - fevers, chills, flank pain, CVA tenderness, hematuria, WBC casts Clinical: dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, WBCs in urine Males: infants w/ congenital defects, vesicoureteral reflux, enlarged prostate Females: 10x more common Predisposing factors: obstruction, kidney surgery, catheterization, GU malformation, diabetes, pregnancy Dx: positive leukocyte esterase test for bacterial and positive nitrate test for gram neg bacterial and urease test (proteus, klebsiella)
47
Leading cause of UTI
Escherichia coli Green metallic sheen on EMB agar (-) urease test
48
2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI in sexually active women
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
49
3rd leading cause of UTI
Klebsiella pneumoniae - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies (+) urease test
50
Red pigment producing, nosocomial and drug resistant UTI bug
Serratia marcescens
51
Nosocomial and drug resistant UTI
Enterobacter cloacae
52
Motility causes swarming on agar; produces urease; associated with struvite stones; UTI bug
Proteus mirabilis
53
Blue-green pigment and fruity odor; usually nosocomial and drug resistant UTI bug
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
54
ToRCHeS infections
``` Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus; transmission is transplacental; signs - hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation. Toxoplasma gondii Rubella CMV HIV Herpes simplex virus 2 Syphilis Others: s. agalactiae, e. coli, listeria monocytogenes, meningitis of neonates ```
55
Toxoplasma gondii as a TORCH
Cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat Usually asymptomatic lymphadenopathy Triad: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
56
Rubella as a TORCH
Respiratory droplets Rash, lymphadenopathy, arthritis Triad: PDA, cataracts, deafness and blueberry muffin rash
57
CMV as a TORCH
Sexual contact/organ transplant Usually asymptomatic - mono like illness Hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, blueberry muffin rash
58
HIV as a TORCH
Sexual contact, needlestick Variable depending on CD4+ count Recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea
59
HSV2 as a TORCH
Skin or mucous membrane contact Usually asymptomatic, herpetic lesions Encephalitis, herpetic lesions
60
Syphilis as a TORCH
Sexual contact Chancre and disseminated rash are the two stages likely to result in fetal infxn Stillbirth, hydrops fetalis, if child survives presents with facial abnormalities (notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla), saber shins, CN VIII, deafness
61
Rubella virus rash
Rash begins at head and moves down --> fine truncal rash, postauricular lymphadenopathy
62
Measles rash
A paramyxovirus begins at head and movign down | rash preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and blue-white Koplik's spots on buccal mucosa
63
VZV rash
chickenpox | begins on trunk --> spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age
64
HHV-6 rash
Roseola macular rash over body appears after several days of fever febrile seizures usually affects infants
65
Parvovirus B19 rash
erythema infectiosum slapped cheek rash on face can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women
66
Streptococcus pyogenes rash
scarlet fever | erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat
67
Coxsackievirus type A rash
Hand-foot-mouth disease | Vesicular rash on palms and soles, ulcers in oral mucosa
68
Gonorrhea Clinical Organism
Urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatitis, epididymitis, arthritis, creamy purulent discharge Neisseria gonorrhoeae
69
Primary syphilis Clinical Organism
Painless chancre | Treponema pallidum
70
Secondary syphilis Clinical Organism
Fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rashes, condylomata lata | Treponema pallidum
71
Tertiary syphilis Clinical Organism
Gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis, aortitis, Argyll Robertson pupil Treponema pallidum
72
Chancroid Clinical Organism
Painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy | Haemophilus ducreyi
73
Genital herpes Clinical Organism
Painful penile, vulvar or cervical vesicles and ulcers; cause cause systemic symptoms such as fever, HA, myalgia HSV2, less commonly HSV1
74
Chlamydia Clinical Organism
``` Urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivitis, Reiter's syndrome, PID Chlamydia trachomatis (D-K) ```
75
Lymphogranuloma venereum Clinical Organism
Infection of lymphatics; genital ulcers, lymphadenopathy, rectal strictures C. trachomatis (L1-L3)
76
Trichomoniasis Clinical Organism
Vaginitis, strawberry colored mucosa, motile in wet prep | Trichomonas vaginalis
77
AIDS Clinical Organism
Opportunistic infections, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma | HIV
78
Condylomata acuminata Clinical Organism
Genital warts, koilocytes | HPV6 and 11
79
Hepatitis B Clinical Organism
Jaundice | HBV
80
Bacterial vaginosis Clinical Organism
Noninflammatory, malodorous discharge (fishy smell), positive whiff test, clue cells, non exclusively an STD Gardnerella vaginalis
81
PID Bugs: Clinical: Risk for:
PID Bugs: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Clinical: cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign), purulent cervical discharge; salpingitis, endometritis, hydrosalpinx, tubo-ovarian abscess Risk for: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (infxn of liver capsule and violin string adhesions or parietal peritoneum); ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, adhesions
82
Nosocomial infections newborn nursery
CMV, RSV
83
Nosocomial infections urinary catheterization
E. coli, Proteus mirabilis
84
Nosocomial infections wound infection
S. aureus
85
Nosocomial infections respiratory therapy equipment
Pseudomonas aeruginosa or when burns are involved
86
Nosocomial infections in renal dialysis unit
HBV
87
Nosocomial infections hyperalimentation
Candida albicans
88
Nosocomial infections of water aerosols
Legionella - water source
89
Unimmunized children with a rash
Beginning at head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy - Rubella Beginning at head and moving down; rash preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and blue-white spots on buccal mucosa - Measles virus
90
Unimmunized children with meningitis
Microbe colonizes nasopharynx - H. influenzae type B | Myalgia and paralysis - Poliovirus
91
Unimmunized children with pharyngitis
Grayish oropharyngeal exudate (pseudomembranes can obstruct) with painful throat --> Corynebacterium diphtheriae
92
Unimmunized children with epiglottitis
Fever with dysphagia, drooling, and difficulty breathing due to edematous "cherry red" epiglottis --> H. influenzae type B

Microbiology (7 decks)

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