Systems Level Neural Architechture

Question 1

Where is learn three at processes

Answer 1

Cortex and limbic system

Question 2

Where is look processed

Answer 2

Sensorimotor midbrain

Question 3

Where is pain processed

Answer 3

Spinal cord eg withdrawal reflex

Question 4

What is the peripheral nervous system

Answer 4

Everything outside skull and spine

Question 5

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

Interacts with external environment:

Skin, muscles, joints, eyes, ears

Question 6

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 6

Unconscious, regulates bogus internal environment

Eg internal organs

Question 7

Dorsal root

Answer 7

Afferent
Affected by the world
Sensory

Question 8

Central root

Answer 8

Efferent
Having effect on world
Motor

Question 9

First 3 subdivisions of brain

Answer 9

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

Question 10

Divisions of forebrain and parts they include

Answer 10

Telencephalon- cerebral cortex, Basal ganglia and limbic system

Diencephalon- thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 11

Divisions of midbrain

Answer 11

Mesencephalon- tegmentum and tectum

Question 12

Divisions of hindbrain

Answer 12

Metencephalon- pons, cerebellum

Myelencephalon- medulla

Question 13

Medulla

Answer 13

Myelencephalon
Contains tracts carrying signals between rest of the brain and the body
Caudal part of reticular formation- balance
Functions- sleep/ wake, movement, muscle tone, cardiac/ respiratory, circulatory, excretory reflex

Question 14

Pons

Answer 14

Means bridge
Relay from cortex and midbrain to cerebellum
Pontine reticular formation- pattern generators such as walking

Question 15

Cerebellum

Answer 15

As many neutrons as CNS
Corrects synaptic weights to stop motor errors
Thought exclusive for motor coordination

Question 16

Midbrain- Tectum- function and what it contains

Answer 16

Visual/ spatial and auditory frequency map

Superior colliculus- sensory change, orientation/ defensive movements

Inferior colliculus- auditory

Question 17

Modbrain- tegmentum- 3 structures it contains

Answer 17

Periaquaductal gray
Red nucleus
Substantia nigra

Question 18

Function of periaquaductal gray

Answer 18

Defence
Pain
Reproduction

Question 19

Function of red nucleus

Answer 19

Target of cortex, cerebellum projects to spinal cord

Pre cortical motor control- in arms and legs

Question 20

Function of substantia nigra

Answer 20

Pars compacta- dopamine cells- basal ganglia- PARKINSONS HAVE LESS OF THIS

Pars reticulata- basal ganglia output

Question 21

Hypothalamus function- diencephalon

Answer 21

Regulates pituitary gland
Hormonal control
Homeostasis

Question 22

Thalamus function- diencephalon

Answer 22

Specific nuceli- replan signals to cortical limbic system for all sensations but smell

Non specific nuclei- regulate sleep

Important relays from basal ganglia and cerebellum to cortex

Question 23

Forebrain cerebral cortex subcortical portions

Answer 23

Basal ganglia

Limbic system

Question 24

Subcortical structure- basal ganglia

Answer 24

Motor function

Question 25

Subcortical structure- limbic system

Answer 25

``` Emotion, memory Amygdala Hippocampus Forbid Consulate gyrus Septum Mammillary body ```

Question 26

Amygdala

Answer 26

Almond | Associate sensory stimuli with emotional impact

Question 27

Mammillary body

Answer 27

Breast shaped | Formation of recollective memory- amnesia

Question 28

Hippocampus

Answer 28

Sea horse | Long term and spatial memory

Question 29

Septum

Answer 29

Something that encloses | Defence and aggression

Question 30

Cingulate gyrus

Answer 30

Limbic cortex Behaviour outcome link to motivation and autonomic control Atrophied in schizophrenia

Question 31

Fornix

Answer 31

C shaped bundle of fibres | Signal from hippocampus to mammillary bodies

Question 32

Frontal lobe

Answer 32

Precentral gyrus- fine motor control instructions Primary motor cortex- initiation of voluntary movements, descending pathways Pre-motor and supplementary motor areas- higher level motor plans and initiation of voluntary movements Prefrontal cortex- mindful behavioural actions, aware of consequences Working memory- short term Involved in executive planning- judge and take emotion into account

Question 33

Parietal lobe

Answer 33

Post central gyrus- receives sense | Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 34

Temporal lobe

Answer 34

Primary auditory cortex

Question 35

Occipital lobe

Answer 35

Dorsal stream- vision for movement | Ventral stream- vision for identification