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Systems Neurophysiology Evidence Flashcards

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1
Q

Baroreceptors- ASIC2 involvement

Lu et al

A 
mRNA in NG/ Aortic Arch
Immunofluorescence
KOs
-increased hr, map
-reduced locomotor activity and brs
-atropine/ propanolol response

ADN stimulation no differences
-asic2 kos had higher starting bp

mRNA- cells with more ASIC2 showed greater APs in response to mechanical stim
Overexpression

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2
Q

Baroreceptors- TRPC5 involvement

Lau et al

A

Similar responses to ASIC2

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3
Q

Projection of Baroreceptive cells to NTS

A

WHBS prep
Anterograde tracing
NTS activity patch clamp

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4
Q

NTS to NA

Deuchars, Mendelowitz

A

NA EPSCs generated with NTS stimulation
NMDA agonists/antagonists

CIH Rats (Yan et al)
- reduced response to NA stimulation
Nissl staining NA loss

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5
Q

NTS to DMNx

Cheng

A

Electrical Activity
Anterograde tracer- cardiac ganglion

EPSPs from different sources

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6
Q

Sympathetic pathway blood pressure (IML and rVLM)

Deuchars and lall

A

Psuedorabies virus labelling

IML stimulation

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7
Q

Role of rVLM

A

Glutamate injection
Optogenetics
- conscious vs. unconscious

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8
Q

cVLM to rVLM

A

Kynurenate (Glu Antagonist) to NTS

Bicucculine (GABA antagonist to rVLM)

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9
Q

Paraventricular Nucleus exercise control

A

Higa-Taniguchi:
Exercise trained mice induced noradrenergic fibres in PVN (immunoreactivity)

Koba 2017:
Optogenetics into PVN

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10
Q

Emotional regulation mPFC

Westerhaus and Loewry

A

PRV into adrenal, stellate, mesenteric ganglia

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11
Q

Central Autonomic Area

Bacon and Smith

A

KCl and (PHA-L)

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12
Q

Function of the mPFC

Extra reading

A

fMRI of vmPFC and HR
MSNA and HR

Cortical BOLD and mPFC activity with MSNA

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13
Q

CAA to IML (GABAergic neuron)

Deuchars

A

FISH- GAD67
Electrophysiological
Bicucculine vs Kynurenate

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14
Q

Innocuous Temperature Receptors

Bautista & Mogrich

A

Dual chamber assay

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15
Q

Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus (Morrison)

A

Anterograde/retrograde tracers
Temp-dependent AP changes correlated with BAT activity (SNA)

Muscimol

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16
Q

MnPO and MPA

A

Bicucculine administration to MnPO

Muscimol administration to DMH

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17
Q

Afferent pathway of thermoregulation

Oldfield et al

A

PRV injection into BAT

T3 to T6
Stellate ganglion
Raphe Pallidus

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18
Q

Confirming raphe pallidus neurons

A

PRV double stained with Trytophan Hydroxylase

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19
Q

Role of 5-HT Raphe neurons

A

5-HT injection
Muscimol

c-fos activity (Hale)
lmx1b KO mice (Hodges)

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20
Q

Respiratory pattern recordings

A

Pre-Inspiratory Hypoglossal Burst
Augmenting Phrenic Burst
Decrementing Post-inspiratory discharge (Vagus)

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21
Q

BotC role

A

Smith slices

Optogenetics

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22
Q

NK1R-expressing BotC cells

Study These Flashcards
A

Antibody of NK1R cells applied

-Plethysomography- loss of appt. responses to hyperoxia and hypercapnia

23
Q

SST-expressing cells

Study These Flashcards
A

Inhibitory Allostatin receptor
- cessation of breathing

CreRecombinase ChR2 expression rescue

24
Q

Inhibitory preBotC cells

Study These Flashcards
A

Optogenetics-glycinergics

Swallowing, delayed onset/ prematurely terminated

25
BotC and PiCo Smith, Nino Ramirez
Ramirez: imaging showed PiCo activity | Optogenetics in model with pons
26
Lateral Parafacial Nucleus/RTN role
Chemogenetic inhibition- rest vs. exercise Lavezzi- hyperplasia unexplained death
27
ccRTNs (Guyunet)
Electrical recording with increased CO2 Optogenetics- activation and connection to rVRG(ChR2-mcherry) Acidification in vivo
28
GPR4/TASK2 role | Kumar
FISH staining c-fos on CO2 perfusion KOs and rescue
29
Raphe Obscurus role (Richerson)
CSF acidification w/ buffering Lesioning of 5-HT Hodges (Lmx1b KO) Optogenetics- RR and dEMG -hypercapnia differential results
30
Combined theory (Nattie)
(Nattie and Li): Orexin neurons PeF OX1R/OX2R antagonists Ventilatory response in wakefulness PeF stimulation (Fortuna): Gabazine- c-fos, CO2 PND and MAP changes
31
Glial Cells in Chemoreception
ATP administration to ventral brainstem Antagonism of P2X receptors recording Phox2b action potentials Optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes -P2X antagonist abolishable
32
Phox2B in Congential Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
Knock-in mouse model - absence of cells- lavezzi - respiratory function - hypoglossal activity - intracellular calcium reduced in RTN No preBotC/ Raphe differences
33
MYO1H in CCHS
Inappropriate response to hypercapnia
34
Desogestrel as a treatment for CCHS - patient studies Joubert
Patients on Desogestrel showed RR improvements, stopping treatment attenuated improvements
35
Desogestrel as a treatment for CCHS - mouse studies Joubert
Etonogestrel (ETO) - similar responses in mice Ex vivo: - RR in medullary prep - no c-fos changes in RTN - Bicucculine attentuated response - NMDA/5-HT enhanced response
36
AgRP neurons action
Optogenetics (Aponte) Chemogenetics DREADD (excitatory and inhibitory) (Krashes) Leptin and ghrelin action (firing rate)
37
AgRP neurons inhibiting POMC Atasoy
Optogenetics AgRP-ChR2 with POMC-eGFP POMC stimulation Simultaneous
38
POMC reducing food intake
Optogenetics Leptin and ghrelin action (firing rate)
39
AgRP neurons Paraventricular Hypothalamus (PVH)
ChR2 in PVH and PBN- stimulating PVH rise in food intake
40
AgRP inhibiting SIM-1 PVH cells
GABA antagonist Inhibitory DREADD in SIM-1 cells Optogenetic activation of OXT-ChR2/ SIM-1-ChR2 cells
41
SIM-1 Heterozygosity Duplan 2009
Mice- Obesity and hyperphagia Reduced AVP/OXT expressing PVH cells Restored with ICV OXT
42
Cholecystikinin (CCK) reducing food intake
Infusion | Attenuated by Vagal dissection/capsaicin
43
Leptin reducing food intake
Leptin Receptor KO -receptor levels decrease with feeding (produced by Ob gene) -Vagal afferents contain STAT-3, part of the pathway which mediates leptin effects (Buyse)
44
Ghrelin stimulating food intake
- cfos AgRP co-labelling after IV Ghreli Attenuated by dissection/capsaicin NG receptor accumulation
45
Insulin reducing food intake
IRS2 mRNA and KO Depolarisation at certain concentrations Dil from pancreas
46
VNS for food intake
Depressive patients | Minipigs (body weight, energy expenditure, BAT recruitment and carb consumption)
47
V-BLOC
Weight decrease | Affects dietary constituency
48
tVNS
Rats on high fat diet Increased BAT Increased UCP-1 B3AR expression
49
Arcuate nucleus/Mediobasal Hypothalamus in glucose production via PI3K
Hypothalamic insulin infusion (PI3K, K+/ATP) Vagotomy Insulin receptor KD/ rescue in AgRP/POMC
50
Dorsal Vagal complex in MAPK pathway
``` Western blotting (ERK1/2 phosphorylation Inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation KATP channel activity Pancreatic Euglycaemic clamp (increased GIR, decrease in glucose production) ```
51
Food intake in and insulin
ICV insulin -POMC activation (mRNA, AAV fluorescent PI3K reporter) DVC activation (inhibition of ERK1/2)
52
High fat diet/ Obesity
Zucker rats: insulin sensitivity, food intake, reduced insulin effectiveness HFD: abolished MBH and DVC responses
53
Overexpression of DEPTOR in the MBH
Whole body/MBH-specific O/E of DEPTOR - Increased glucose tolerance - Less weight gain with HFD - Increased AKT phosphorylation
54
Role of Nucleus Accumbens shell (NAcSh) O'connor
Optogenetic inhibition of Dopamine 1 r NAcSh neurons - prolongs feeding Activation of terminals reduces feeding Projects to Lat Hypothalamus, inhibits GABA releasing VGAT cells

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