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SYSTEMS SECTION FA Flashcards

1
Q

normal flora of skin

A

S. epidermidis

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2
Q

normal flora of nose

A

S. epidermidis

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3
Q

colonizes the nose

A

S. aureus

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4
Q

normal flora of oropharynx

A

viridans strep

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5
Q

normal flora of dental plaque

A

S. mutans

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6
Q

normal flora of colon

A

B. fragilis > E. coli

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7
Q

normal flora of vagina

A

Lactobacillus

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8
Q

colonizes the vagina

A

E. coli and GBS

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9
Q

name 2 in which food poisoning starts quickly and ends quickly

A

S. aureus

B. cereus

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10
Q

food poisoning: seafood

A

Vibrio

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11
Q

food poisoning: reheated rice

A

B. cereus

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12
Q

food poisoning: meats, mayo, custard

A

S. aureus

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13
Q

food poisoning: reheated meat dishes

A

C. perfringens

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14
Q

food poisoning: improperly canned

A

C. botulinum

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15
Q

food poisoning: undercooked meat

A

E. coli O157:H7

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16
Q

food poisoning: poultry, meat, eggs

A

Salmonella

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17
Q

name 3 that can mimic appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica
nontyphoidal Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni

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18
Q

name 7 that cause bloody diarrhea

A 
Campylobacter
Salmonella
Shigella
EHEC
EIEC
Yersinia
Entamoeba
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19
Q

name 4 bacteria, 2 protozoa, and 2 viruses that cause watery diarrhea

A

ETEC
Vibrio cholerae
C. difficile
C. perfringens

Giardia
Cryptosporidium (ICM)

rotavirus
norovirus

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20
Q

name 2 common causes of pneumonia in neonates (<4 weeks)

A

GBS

E. coli

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21
Q

name 5 common causes of pneumonia in children (4wk-18yr)

A

Runts May Cough Chucky Sputum

RSV
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia trachomatis (infants-3yr)
Chlamydia pneumoniae (school-age)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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22
Q

name 3 common causes of pneumonia in adults (18-40yr)

A

Mycoplasma
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae

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23
Q

name 5 common causes of pneumonia in adults (40-65yr)

A 
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Anaerobes
Viruses
Mycoplasma
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24
Q

name 5 common causes of pneumonia in elderly

A 
S. pneumoniae
Influenza virus
Anaerobes
H. influenzae
Gram-negative rods
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25
name 2 special groups: nosocomial
``` Staphylococcus enteric Gr(-) rods ```
26
name 5 special groups: immunocompromised
``` Staphyloccocus enteric Gr(-) rods fungi viruses Pneumocystis jirovecii (HIV) ```
27
name 1 special group: aspiration
anaerobes
28
name 3 special groups: alcoholic/IVDA
Strep. pneumoniae Klebsiella Staphylococcus
29
name 3 special groups: cystic fibrosis
Pseudomonas S. aureus S. pneumoniae
30
name 3 special groups: postviral
Staphylococcus H. influenzae S. pneumoniae
31
name 3 special groups: atypical
Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydia
32
name 3 common causes of meningitis in newborn (0-6mo)
GBS E. coli Listeria
33
name 4 common causes of meningitis in children (6mo-6yr)
S. pneumoniae N. menigitidis HiB Enteroviruses
34
name 4 common causes of meningitis in people 6-60yr
S. pneumoniae N. menigitidis (#1 in teens) Enteroviruses HSV
35
name 3 common causes of meningitis in people 60+
S. pneumoniae Gram(-) rods Listeria
36
what is the empiric treatment for meningitis?
ceftriaxone + vancomycin + ampicillin, if Listeria suspected
37
name 5 viral causes of menigitis
``` enteroviruses (esp coxsackievirus) HSV2 (HSV1 = encephalitis) HIV West Nile virus VZV ```
38
name 4 common causes of meningitis in HIV
cryptococcus CMV toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) JC virus (PML)
39
osteomyelitis: if no other info available
S. aureus
40
osteomyelitis: sexually active
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) => septic arthritis more common
41
osteomyelitis: diabetics and IVDA
Pseudomonas | Serratia
42
osteomyelitis: sickle cell
Salmonella
43
osteomyelitis: prosthetic replacement
S. aureus | S. epidermidis
44
osteomyelitis: vertebral disease
M. tuberculosis (pott's disease)
45
osteomyelitis: cat/dog bites/scratches
Pasteurella multocida
46
name 4 diagnostic markers for UTI
+ leukocyte esterase test: bacterial UTI + nitrite test: gram(-) bacterial UTI + urease test: proteus, klebsiella, etc - urease test: E. coli, Enterococcus
47
name 7 causes of UTI
``` #1 E. coli #2 S. saprophyticus #3 Klebsiella Serratia Enterobacter Proteus Pseudomonas ```
48
ToRCHeS infections
``` Toxoplasma gondii Rubella CMV HIV Herpes simplex virus-2 Syphilis ```
49
ToRCHeS: neonatal manifestations of Toxoplasma gondii
classic triad: chorioretinitis hydrocephalus intracranial calcifications
50
ToRCHeS: neonatal manifestations of Rubella
``` classic triad: PDA (or pulmonary artery hypoplasia) cataracts deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash ```
51
ToRCHeS: neonatal manifestations of CMV
hearing loss seizures petechial rash blueberry muffin rash
52
ToRCHeS: neonatal manifestations of HIV
recurrent infections | chronic diarrhea
53
ToRCHeS: neonatal manifestations of HSV2
encephalitis | herpetic lesions
54
ToRCHeS: neonatal manifestations of syphilis
often results in stillbirth, hydrops fetalis if survives, presents with facial abnormalities (Hutchinson's teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla), saber shins, CN VIII deafness
55
red rashes of childhood: rubella virus
Rubella rash begins at head and moves down => fine truncal rash; postauricular LAD
56
red rashes of childhood: measles virus
Measles rash begins at head and moves down rash is preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and blue-white (Koplik) spots on buccal mucosa
57
red rashes of childhood: VZV
Chickenpox vesicular rash begins on trunk => spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age
58
red rashes of childhood: HHV-6
Roseola macular rash over body after several days of high fever can present with febrile seizures; usually affects infants
59
red rashes of childhood: parvovirus B19
Erythema infectiosum | slapped cheek rash on face can cause hydrops fetalis
60
red rashes of childhood: S. pyogenes
Scarlet fever erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat
61
red rashes of childhood: Coxsackievirus A
Hand-foot-mouth disease vesicular rash on palms and soles ulcers in oral mucosa
62
clinical features of gonorrhea
N. gonorrhoeae ``` urethritis cervicitis PID prostatitis epididymitis arthritis creamy purulent discharge ```
63
clinical features of 1* syphilis
Treponema pallidum painless chancre
64
clinical features of 2* syphilis
Treponema pallidum fever LAD skin rashes condylomata lata
65
clinical features of 3* syphilis
Treponema pallidum ``` gummas tabes dorsalis general paresis aortitis Argyll Robertson pupil ```
66
clinical features of chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi painful genital ulcer inguinal adenopathy
67
clinical features of genital herpes
HSV2 > HSV1 painful penile/vulvar/cervical vesicles and ulcers can cause systemic symptoms (h/a, fever, myalgia)
68
clinical features of chlamydia
C. trachomatis (D-K) ``` urethritis cervicitis conjunctivitis Reiter's syndrome PID ```
69
clinical features of lymphogranuloma venereum
C. trachomatis (L1-L3) infection of lymphatic genital ulcers LAD rectal strictures
70
clinical features of trichomoniasis
T. vaginalis vaginitis strawberry cervix motile in wet prep
71
clinical features of AIDS
HIV opportunistic infections Kaposi's sarcoma lymphoma
72
clinical features of condylomata acuminata
HPV 6, 11 genital warts koilocytes
73
clinical features of hepatitis B
HBV jaundice
74
clinical features of bacterial vaginosis
G. vaginalis noninflammatory, malodorous discharge (fishy) + whiff test clue cells not exclusively an STD
75
clinical features of PID
salpingitis endometritis hydrosalpinx tubo-ovarian abscess can lead to fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome
76
what is fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome?
infection of the liver capsule and "violin string" adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
77
what are 4 risks of salpingitis?
ectopic pregnancy infertility chronic pelvic pain adhesions
78
CP: rash that begins on head and moves down with postauricular LAD
rubella virus
79
CP: rash that begins on head and moves down; preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots
measles virus
80
CP: meningitis with a microbe that colonizes the nasopharynx
HiB
81
CP: meningitis that can lead to myalgia and paralysis
poliovirus
82
CP: grayish oropharyngeal exudate; painful throat
C. diphteriae - pharyngitis
83
CP: fever with dysphagia, drooling, and difficulty breathing due to edematous "cherry red" epiglottis
HiB - epiglottitis

Microbiology (9 decks)

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