Systems Survey Vocabulary

Question 1

the part of the pharynx between the soft palate and the upper edge of the epiglottis.

Answer 1

Oropharynx

Question 2

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; any of various lung diseases leading to poor pulmonary aeration, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Answer 2

COPD

Question 3

a chronic, irreversible disease of the lungs characterized by abnormal enlargement of air spaces in the lungs accompanied by destruction of the tissue lining the walls of the air spaces.

Answer 3

Emphysema

Question 4

the drawing of air into the lungs; inhalation.

Answer 4

Inspiration

Question 5

A temporary suspension of breathing, occurring in some newborns and in some adults during sleep.

Answer 5

Apnea

Question 6

the part of the pharynx behind and above the soft palate, directly continuous with the nasal passages.

Answer 6

Nasopharynx

Question 7

The lower part of the pharynx, above the larynx.

Answer 7

Laryngopharynx

Question 8

the partition separating the right and left thoracic cavities, formed of the two inner pleural walls, and, in humans, comprising all the viscera of the thorax except the lungs.

Answer 8

Mediastinum

Question 9

a paroxysmal, often allergic disorder of respiration, characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, and difficulty in expiration, often accompanied by coughing and a feeling of constriction in the chest.

Answer 9

Asthma

Question 10

the act of expiring, or breathing out; emission of air from the lungs. Also another word for death.

Answer 10

Expiration

Question 11

acute or chronic inflammation of the membrane lining of the bronchial tubes, caused by respiratory infection or exposure to bronchial irritants, as cigarette smoke.

Answer 11

Bronchitis

Question 12

organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples are fats and cholesterol.

Answer 12

Lipids

Question 13

the double-layered membrane of the peritoneum that supports most organs in the abdominal cavity.

Answer 13

Mesentery

Question 14

3 mucosa-covered lobes projections or lobes in the nasal cavity

Answer 14

Conchae

Question 15

membrane that forms the linings of body cavities open to the exterior (digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts).

Answer 15

Mucosa

Question 16

the serous membrane lining the interior of the abdominal cavity and covering the surfaces of the abdominal organs.

Answer 16

Peritoneum

Question 17

fingerlike projections of the small intestinal mucosa that tremendously increase its surface area for absorption.

Answer 17

Villi

Question 18

a polypeptide hormone, produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, that regulates the metabolism of glucose and other nutrients.

Answer 18

Insulin

Question 19

a hormone that stimulates gastric secretion, especially hydrochloric acid release.

Answer 19

Gastrin

Question 20

irritable bowel syndrome; any combination of common disturbances of the bowel, as diarrhea or constipation, occurring with abdominal pain, sometimes accompanied by psychological stress.

Answer 20

IBS

Question 21

any of the class of proteins that contain a lipid combined with a simple protein.

Answer 21

Lipoproteins

Question 22

the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in the body.

Answer 22

Metabolism

Question 23

the waves of contraction seen in tubelike organs; propels substances along the tract.

Answer 23

Peristalsis

Question 24

the tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increase surface area for absorption.

Answer 24

Microvilli

Question 25

a greenish-yellow or brownish fluid produced in and secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine.

Answer 25

Bile

Question 26

any of several digestive enzymes that break down starches.

Answer 26

Amylase

Question 27

an enzyme capable of digesting proteins in an acid pH.

Answer 27

Pepsin

Question 28

an uneasy burning sensation in the stomach, typically extending toward the esophagus, and sometimes associated with the eructation of an acid fluid.

Answer 28

Heartburn

Question 29

the selective uptake into the bloodstream of substances previously filtered out of the blood.

Answer 29

Reabsorption

Question 30

increased discharge of urine.

Answer 30

Diuresis

Question 31

the accumulation of excessive ketones in the body, as in diabetic acidosis.

Answer 31

Ketosis

Question 32

A compound present in mammalian urine in small amounts, and the principal nitrogenous component of the excrement of reptiles and birds, that in the form of its salts occurs in the joints in gout and as the major constituent of kidney stones.

Answer 32

Uric acid

Question 33

an inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Answer 33

Cystitis

Question 34

urination, or voiding; emptying the bladder.

Answer 34

Micturition

Question 35

increased urine production caused by inadequate secretion of vasopressin by the pituary gland.

Answer 35

Diabetes insipidus

Question 36

The relative concentrations of ions in the body's extracellular and intracellular fluids, especially those produced from ionized salts.

Answer 36

Electrolyte balance

Question 37

the main nitrogen-containing waste excreted in the urine.

Answer 37

Urea

Question 38

a crystalline end product of creatine metabolism, C 4 H 7 N 3 O, occurring in urine, muscle, and blood.

Answer 38

Creatinine

Question 39

a condition resulting from the retention in the blood of constituents normally excreted in the urine.

Answer 39

Uremia

Question 40

Animal wastes (particularly urine) that contain materials high in nitrogen content.

Answer 40

Nitrogenous wastes

Question 41

male or female sex cell (sperm/egg).

Answer 41

Gametes

Question 42

a malignant tumor of the male gland that produces components of semen; a disease in which cells of the prostate gland become abnormal and start to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors

Answer 42

Prostate gland

Question 43

an immature egg cell of the animal ovary; in humans, one oocyte matures during the menstrual cycle, becoming an ootid and then an ovum, while several others partially mature and then disintegrate.

Answer 43

Oocyte

Question 44

any of several major female sex hormones produced primarily by the ovarian follicles of female mammals, capable of inducing estrus, developing and maintaining secondary female sex characteristics, and preparing the uterus for the reception of a fertilized egg: used, especially in synthetic form, as a component of oral contraceptives, in certain cancer treatments, and in other therapies.

Answer 44

Estrogen

Question 45

a benign tumour, composed of fibrous and muscular tissue, occurring in the wall of the uterus and often causing heavy menstruation

Answer 45

Fibroids

Question 46

the female reproductive cell or gamete of animals, which is capable of developing, usually only after fertilization, into a new individual.

Answer 46

Ova

Question 47

ductless gland developed within the ovary by the reorganization of a Graafian follicle following ovulation.

Answer 47

Corpus luteum

Question 48

follicle-stimulating hormone: a peptide, produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, that regulates the development of the Graafian follicle in the female and stimulates the production of spermatozoa in the male.

Answer 48

FSH

Question 49

abnormal growth or development of cells, tissue, bone, or an organ.

Answer 49

Dysplasia

Question 50

mature male sex cell.

Answer 50

Sperm

Question 51

either of two small saclike glands, located on each side of the bladder in males, that add nutrient fluid to semen during ejaculation.

Answer 51

Seminal vesicles

Question 52

luteinizing hormone: a hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that, in the female, stimulates maturation of the ovarian follicle and formation of the corpus luteum: chemically identical to ICSH of the male.

Answer 52

LH

Question 53

the viscid, whitish fluid produced in the male reproductive organs, containing spermatozoa.

Answer 53

Semen

Question 54

sex hormone; secreted by the testes, that stimulates the development of male sex organs, secondary sexual traits, and sperm

Answer 54

Testosterone

Question 55

the presence of uterine lining in other pelvic organs, especially the ovaries, characterized by cyst formation, adhesions, and menstrual pains.

Answer 55

Endometriosis

Question 56

a polypeptide hormone, produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, that stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus.

Answer 56

Oxytocin