Sytheric Routes Flashcards
(25 cards)
Alkane->haloalkane
X2
UV Light
Free radical substitution reaction
Haloalkane ->amine
Excess ethanolic ammonia
Heat
Nucleophillic substitution
Haloalkane ->nitrile
NaCN/KCN
Ethanol
Reflux
Nucleophillic substitution
Haloalkane ->alcohol
Warm NaOH/KOH
H2O
Reflux
Nucleophillic substitution
Nitrile ->carboxylic acid
Dilute HCl
Reflux
Hydrolysis
Alcohol ->Ester
Carboxylic acid Acid catalyst Heat OR acyl chloride OR acid anhydride Hydrolysis
Alkene ->alcohol
Steam
H3PO4 catalyst
300°c 60-70 atm pressure
Alcohol ->aldehyde/ketone
K2Cr2O7 H2SO4 Heat Distill primary alcohol for aldehyde Reflux secondary for ketone
Aldehyde ->carboxylic acid
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Reflux primary alcohol
Hydroxynitrile ->carboxylic acid
Dilute HCl
Reflux
Acyl Chloride ->carboxylic acid
Cold H2O
Nucleophillic addition elimination
Acyl chloride ->amide
(Primary amide) NH3 20°c
(Secondary amide) amine 20°c
Acyl chloride ->Ester
Alcohol 20°c
Carboxylic acid ->Ester
Alcohol
Acid catalyst
Heat
Aldehyde/ketone ->alcohol
NaBH4 H2O Aldehyde-primary Ketone-secondary Reduction Nucleophillic addition
Alkene ->Dihaloalkane
X2
20°c
Electrophilic addition
Nitrile ->amine
LiAlH4 Dilute H+ Or Na and Ethanol (reflux) Or H2,Ni/Pt catalyst high temp pressure reduction Catalytic hydrogenation
Hydroxynitrile ->amine
LiAlH4 Dilute H+ Or Na and Ethanol (reflux) Or H2,Ni/Pt catalyst high temp pressure reduction Catalytic hydrogenation
Alcohol ->haloalkane
NaX
H2SO4
20°c
Substitution
Alkene ->haloalkane
HX 20°c
Electrophilic addition
Alkene ->alkane
H2
Ni catalyst
150°c
Electrophilic addition
Aldehyde/ketone ->hydroxynitrile
HCN
Nucleophillic addition
Ester ->alcohol
Dilute acid/alkali
Reflux
Hydrolysis
Carboxylic acid ->acyl chloride
SOCl2
