T and B cells

Question 1

explain why B lymphocytes are called B whereas T lymphocytes are called T.

Answer 1

• B lymphocytes - mature in Bone marrow
• T lymphocytes - mature in Thymus gland

Question 2

name 4 main types of T lymphocytes

Answer 2

• T helper cell
• T killer cell
• T memory cell
• T regulator cell

Question 3

describe the role of T helper cells

Answer 3

produce interleukins (type of cytokine) that:
- stimulate activity of B cells - increase antibody production
- stimulate production of other T cells
- attract + stimulate macrophages to ingest pathogens with antigen-antibody complexes

Question 4

describe the role of T killer cells

Answer 4

produce perforin to kill pathogen carrying the antigen by making holes in the cell membrane

Question 5

describe the role of T memory cells

Answer 5

• live for long time, part of immunological memory
• if they meet an antigen a second time, they rapidly divide forming many T Killer clones to destroy the pathogen

Question 6

describe the role of T regulator cells

Answer 6

• suppress immune system once pathogen is eliminated
• ensure body recognises self antigens and does not perform autoimmune response

Question 7

name 3 types of B lymphocytes

Answer 7

• B plasma cells
• B effector cells
• B memory cells

Question 8

describe the role of B plasma cells

Answer 8

• produce antibodies to particular antigen and release them into circulation

Question 9

describe the role of B effector cells

Answer 9

• divide to form plasma cell clones

Question 10

describe the role of B memory cells

Answer 10

• provide immunological memory
• if they meet specific antigen again, they enable the body to make rapid response