T1- Hazard Risk Factors

Question 1

Geology

Answer 1

Soft rock increases the risk of liquefaction in an earthquake or landslides.

Question 2

Earthquake magnitude

Answer 2

Each increase on Richter scale is a ten fold increase in damage and 30 fold increase in energy release.

Question 3

Earthquake depth

Answer 3

The shallower the focus from the surface, the greater the damage

Question 4

Gently Sloping Coastlines

Answer 4

This increases the risk from tsunamis and tidal waves

Question 5

Hurricane strength

Answer 5

The stronger the hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale which runs from category 1 to 5, the greater the damage.

Question 6

Population density

Answer 6

The more people per unit area, the greater the risk to life

Question 7

Technology

Answer 7

HICs can afford technology to predict and prepare for natural hazards

Question 8

Management

Answer 8

Better prediction, preparation and planning reduces the impact of natural hazards

Question 9

Planning regulations

Answer 9

Laws to enforce building controls can protect people and property

Question 10

Flood plains

Answer 10

Building on Flood Plains increases the risk of flood damage

Question 11

Public services

Answer 11

HICs can train and equip emergency services for natural hazard events

Question 12

Plate margins

Answer 12

Close proximity increases risk e.g. Pacific Ring of Fire where 90% of earthquakes occur

Question 13

Time

Answer 13

Night hazards have heavier death tolls due to people being unable to react while asleep

Question 14

Season

Answer 14

Death tolls will be higher during extreme heat or cold seasons

Question 15

Education

Answer 15

Greater awareness and individual preparation can reduce the death toll, e.g. earthquake drills on 1st September in Japan