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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY > T1 INTRODUCTION TO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY: THE PLANT BODY > Flashcards

T1 INTRODUCTION TO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY: THE PLANT BODY Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What type of oganisims are plants?

A

Plants are multicellular eukaryotic organism

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2
Q

In reference to their nutrition plants are…

A

photosynthetic with primary plastids

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3
Q

In reference to their reproduction plants have….

A

multicellular reproductive organs

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4
Q

Among generations plants suffer….

A

alterations

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5
Q

In the biosphere plants are…

A

an oxygen source and the primary producers of the biosphere.

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6
Q

Processes of the life cycle of plants?

A
  • Raising resources
  • Growth and development
  • Metabolism
  • Reproduction and senescence
  • Interaction with the enviroment
  • Responses to abiotic factors
  • Responses to biotic factors
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7
Q

The shape of the plant is related to…

A

the enviroment and the funtion of the plant.

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8
Q

Funtion is always related to…

A

morphology.

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9
Q

Levels of the plants?

A

MOLECULAR - CELULAR - TISSUE - ORGANS - SYSTEMIC

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10
Q

Classification of land plants?

A
  • NONVASCULAR BRYOPHYTES (most simple)
  • VASCULAR SEEDLESS PLANTS
  • VASCULAR SEED PLANTS
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11
Q

What are the 2 groups of plants that form part of the vascular seed plants group?

A

Gymnosperms
Angiosperm (with fruit)

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12
Q

Angiosperm can classify in?

A

Dicot
Monocot

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13
Q

Characteristics of dicots?

A

Seed and leefs roundish, one big root with subroots, flowers with petals of 5 or multiples

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14
Q

Characteristics of monocots?

A

Seed and leefs elongated, al the root come from the center and there is not a main one,flowers with petals of 3 or multiples

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15
Q

The seed at first do not do the photosynthesis because it do not have chloroplasts, when germination starst it grows feeding it self with…

A

the substance inside the COTYLEDONS, that ate storage tissue with resources and nutrients dor the embryo growth.

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16
Q

Specific characteristics of plant cells?

A
  1. Photosynthesis
  2. Sessile (attached but they move)
  3. Anchored to the substrate
  4. Transport System (Vascular tissue)
  5. Transpiration
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17
Q

What is the transpiration?

A

Is the uppgrad movement of the water that goes from the root to the leefs and mantain the movement upwards.

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18
Q

Parts of the chloroplasts?

A
  • Double menbrane
  • Stroma
  • Grana
  • Thylakoid lumen
  • Lamellaed thylacoids
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19
Q

What are the types of plastids and what do they almacene?

A
  1. Proplast
  2. Elaioplasts (fats)
  3. Proteoplasts (proteins)
  4. Amyloplasts (almidon)
  5. Chromoplasts (carotenoids)
  6. Chloroplasts (chlorofille)
  7. Etioplasts (in the dark)
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20
Q

The plastids can change between one and other depending on the…

A

enviroment

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21
Q

All the changes between plastids are…

A

reversible

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22
Q

What are the 2 pathways?

A
  1. Symplastic pathway (throw the cytoplasm using the plasmodesmata)
  2. Apoplastic pathway (cell wall, throw middle lamella)
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23
Q

What is the basic structure of plants? And the funtion of them?

A
  • Leaves (photosynthetisis)
  • Stem (support)
  • Root (fixing, and water nutrient absorption)
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24
Q

The plant divide in 2 areas:

A
  1. Aereal part
  2. Root system
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25
The aereal part is form by...
metamers and the shoot apical meristem
26
Parts of the metamers
1. Node 2. Internode 3. Leaf
27
In the roots are also...
simpler metamers
28
The meristems are....
a pulse of cells that are dividing and creating the plant.
29
Main meristems?
- Shoot apical meristem - Root apical meristem (has a protective membrane)
30
The apical or primary meristems form the...
primary body
31
The axillary buds t+determine the...
plant shape and heigh
32
What form the lateral roots?
Pericycle
33
What are the parts of the root?
- Maturation zone - Elongation zone - Meristematic zone (root apical meristem)
34
In the end of the root is the...
root cap to protect the root apical meristem.
35
The maturation zone creates...
root hairs
36
The lateral roots come form the.... and it breaks all the layers to come out, they will have its own...
pericycle / root apical meristem.
37
Parts of the stem?
- Heartwood - Sapwood - Bark (Living phloem) (vascular cambium) - Periderm (cork cambium) - Cork
38
Lateral or secondary meristems are responsable for the...
secondary growth that is the growth of the plant.
39
The cork cambium or peridermis is a...
protective tissue
40
In what 3 categories divide the tissue system?
- Dermic tissue system - Ground tissue system - Vascular tissue system
41
The dermic tissue system is the...
outer plant layer
42
The dermic tissue system divides in?
1. Epidermal cell 2. Trichome 3. Guard cell 4. Cork cell
43
The epidermal cell are...
relatively unespecialized cell with thin primary wall, and the outer wall thcker and rounded by cuticle.
44
The trichome can be...
single celled or multicellular, variaty of size and shapes, they are specialized epidermal cells.
45
The guard cell is a cell...
containing chloroplasts that is produce in pairs, form estomata.
46
Cork cell are...
dead in madurity, cell walls impregnated with waterproof material name suberin.
47
The gruond tissue system ...
conducts eater and solutes through the plant, als perfoms photosinthesis, stores photosynthetic products and mechanical support.
48
The ground tissue system divides in...
- Parenchyma cells - Primary cell walls - Sclerenchyma cells
49
The parenchyma cells are found...
throught the body and are most common
50
The primary cell walls are...
extremely flexible structural tissua that provides support in soft, non-woody plant organs.
51
The sclerenchyma cells are in the...
primary and secondary wall, they are thick and firm, often dead cells in madurity, also conducts water and solutes through the plant.
52
The vascular tissue systems carries...
photosynthesis, stores photosynthetic products and mechanical support
53
The vascular tissue system divides in...
- Xylem - Phloem
54
Structure of the leaf?
- Upper epidermis with cuticle - Mesophyll (palisade parenchyma and vascular tissue) - Lower epidermis with stomata and cuticle.
55
In the leef cells are more organize in the...
top for efecticely catching light, and not in the bottom for the gas exchange throw the stomata.
56
Structure of the stem?
- Epidermis - Ground tissue (cortex and pith) - Vascular tissue - Vascular cambium
57
Structure of the root?
- Root hairs - Epidermis - Ground tissue (cortex, peicycle) - Endodermis - Vascular system
58
The endodermis is a way to ...
control what comes inside the metaxylem.
59
Differences in the organization of tissue system between dicot and monocot?
stem dicot - irregular Root dicot - cros Stem monocot - circular Root monocot - 2 circle
60
The stem of monocot do not have...
vascular cambium (no secondary growrh)
61
C4 plants have the tissue system organize...
in circle around veins.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (1 decks)

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