T1/Lec

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an intricate and extensive discipline that aims to enhance health results in populations, safeguard communties from health hazards, and guarantee health fairness for all individuals

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WHO:  a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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prevents diseases, extend lifespand, and enhance health and productivity through coordinated community actions 

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ultimate goal of public health according to winslow

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the practice of utilizing scientific knowledge within the realm of politics to decrease health disparities while simultaneously promoting optimal health for the larges populations

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illness prevention, life extension, the promotion of human health through well-coordinated initiatives and informed decisions made by society

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public health focuses on

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mission of public

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the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the applications of this study to control health problems

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factors that influence an individual’s or population’s health, which can include biological, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, or social in nature

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effors to prevent the occurence of disease or injury

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three category of prevention

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prevention before it occurs

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early detection

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prevention after it has occured

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the process of enabling people to incrase control over and to improve their health through lifestyle chanegs

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the continuous, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice

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an occurrence of a disease greater than would otherwise be expected at a particular time and place

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an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people

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the attainment of the highest level of health for all people, with a focus on removing disparities and inequalities in health status due to factors such as race, gender, income, or geographic location

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conditions in the environment where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks

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illnesses caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another

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diseases not passed from person to person, often chronic in nature, such as heart disease, stroke, cance, diabetes, and chronic lung diseases

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the branch of public health that focuses on the relationships between people and their environment, promotes human health and well-being, and fosters healthy and safe communities

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decisions, plans, and actions undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society

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health behavior is influenced by an individual's own beliefs and perceptions regarding an illness or health issue, as well as their understanding of the available measures to mitigate its occurrence

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Belief in the risks presented by health issues 

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 This variable includes perceived susceptibility of contracting a health condition and its perceived severity once contracted.

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 A second benefit is the believed effectiveness of dietary strategies designed to help reduce the threat of disease.

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This variable includes potential negative consequences that may result from taking particular health actions, including physical (weight gain or loss), psychological (lack of spontaneity in food selection) and financial demands (cost of new foods).

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Events that motivate people to take action in changing their dietary habits are crucial determinants of change

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 A very important variable is the belief in being able to successfully execute the dietary behavior required to produce the desired outcomes.

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developed in 1986, is an international agreement that advocates for a holistic view of health

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•The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, developed in 1986, is an international agreement that advocates for a holistic view of health, emphasizing the need for:

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•is the process of enabling individuals and communities to enhance control over and improve their health.

•It emphasizes a holistic approach to well-being, encompassing physical, mental, and social dimensions. 

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prerequisites for health

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•Public health works to ensure a healthy environment by encompassing 

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•One of the most iconic symbols of Roman engineering, the -, were used to transport water from clean sources into urban areas. 

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•In Rome, waste was removed from the city via an impressive sewage system known as the . 

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instituted in the United Kingdom to address sanitation and environmental health concerns. 

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a federal agency tasked with protecting human health and the environment by enforcing regulations and policies related to air and water quality, hazardous waste management, chemical safety, and other environmental concerns. 

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•In 1918, a global influenza pandemic occurred, affecting an estimated 500 million people worldwide.

This pandemic, commonly known as the 

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the vaccine played a crucial role in preventing poliomyelitis, a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to paralysis. 

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•involves the use of infectious agents or toxins to harm or kill humans, animals, or plants, often with the intention of gaining a military advantage. 

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A historical example of biologic warfare occurred during the 

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•The intention was to spread the Black Death, a deadly pandemic caused by the bacterium -- , among the defending forces within the city. 

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•struck the Philippines in November 2013, causing widespread devastation and resulting in a significant public health crisis.

•The impact of the typhoon posed various health challenges, including injuries, displacement, and the risk of infectious diseases. 

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•found in the Old Testament of the Bible, is considered by many scholars to be one of the earliest written health codes in human history.

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•It prohibits smoking in enclosed public places and public vehicles, including schools, hospitals, government offices, and other similar locations, and mandates the placement of graphic health warnings on tobacco packaging. 

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It prohibits smoking in public and enclosed places, as well as within a 10-meter radius from entrances, exits, and outdoor places of public buildings

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public health approach

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problem identification/needs assessment

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•Role: Actively engages in health promotion, prevention, and awareness activities.

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Responsibilities: Adopts healthy behaviors, participates in community health programs, and advocates for local health needs

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•Impact: Community involvement enhances the effectiveness of public health initiatives and fosters a culture of health and well-being. 

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•Role: Provides medical care, preventive services, and health education. 

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Responsibilities: Ensures accessibility, affordability, and quality healthcare services for individuals and communities

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•Impact: Essential for treating illnesses, managing chronic conditions, and promoting overall health within the population. 

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•Role: Contribute to the occupational health and well-being of employees.

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•Responsibilities: Implement workplace wellness programs, provide health insurance, and create a healthy work environment.

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•Impact: A healthy workforce improves productivity, reduces absenteeism, and supports overall community well-being. 

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•Role: Conducts research, educates future healthcare professionals, and contributes knowledge.

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•Responsibilities: Generates evidence-based solutions, trains the next generation of public health leaders, and informs policy development.

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•Impact: Advances public health through research findings, innovations, and a well-trained workforce. 

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•Role: Develops and implements public health policies, regulations, and programs.

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•Responsibilities: Monitors health trends, ensures public safety, allocates resources, and responds to health emergencies.

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Impact: Shapes the overall health of the population, enforces health laws, and coordinates national health efforts

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determinants of health

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Access to healthcare services, the quality of care, and the effectiveness of health systems are key determinants. 

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such as access to clean water, safe housing, and air quality, are highlighted by the WHO. These elements significantly impact health and well-being on both individual and community levels. 

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•The WHO underscores the critical role of social and economic conditions, including income, education, and employment, in shaping health outcomes. These factors contribute to disparities in health access and outcomes. 

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Individual behaviors, lifestyle choices, and adherence to preventive measures are integral to health

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Genetic predispositions contribute to health outcomes but are influenced by broader environmental and social contexts.