T1 Roma Flashcards
(16 cards)
In what year starts the roman civilization?
753 BC
Where do the Roman civilisation began?
In the Italian peninsula
Why was Rome founded in that place?
Because is an strategic place because:
* Its sorrounded by 7 hills
* Close to the outh of the Tiber River
* Good localization for trade and defense
What are the periods of evolution of Rome?
- Monarchy (753-509 BC)
- Repubic (509-27 BC)
- Empire (27 BC- 476 AD)
In the monarchy, who is the king?
The king is a person that have all the power(rules,religious ceremonies,army and the justice of rome). Is elected by the patricians
In the monarchy, Who are the senate and the plebelians
Senate:
-give advice to the king and are the goverment
-made up of rich families(patricians)
Plebelians:
rest of the popullation,no pollitical rights, pay taxes and severed in army
Evolution of monarchy
-had 7 kings
-the last 3 are etruscans because the etruscans conquered rome in the 7th century BC
-the last king Tarquin was deposed by a rebellion
-this is the beggining of the republic
In the republic, what are the 3 fundamental institutions
Comita
-popular assemblies were citizens voted on laws and elected magistrates
Magistrates
-office of the goverment in charge of a specific matter for one year
Senate
-made up of 300 member that proviusly were magistates
-took decisions on making peace or war
-Decided on foreign policy
the society in the republic
Patricians
minority group, formed by the richest and powerful families. most important political positions.
Plebeians
most numerous group. Peasants, artisans, merchants. Most people of this group found difficult to survive.
Slaves
Not considered people, nor citizens. They were owned by their masters. War prisoners or people whose parents were slaves
the society in the republic (women)
the role of womens in rome are:
-Women in Rome, plebeians or patricians, rich or poor, was always limited
-They had male supervision
-They had no political rights
-Their main role was to look after children or help working in the fields or shops.
social conflicts
-plebeians were excluded of political life
-plebeians fought for equality for 200 years
-Eventually (494 BC), Plebeians obtained the following measures:
-Creation of the Tribune of the Plebs: representative of the plebeians in the Senate
-Right to name consuls and access to magistracies.
territorial expansion(republic)
**500 - 250 BC: **
Rome expanded throughout the Italian Peninsula.
**3rd and 2nd centuries BC: **
Rome defeated the Carthaginians in the Punic Wars. Rome’s victory allowed it to expand into Africa, Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands.
**2nd and 1st centuries BC: **
Rome extended its domination over the Eastern Mediterranean, conquering Macedon, Greece and Syria.
crisis in republic
-The conquests brought Rome new lands and wealth. But this wealth was in the hands of just few people.
Inequality increased in Roman society and corruption among the governors of the provinces spread.
-A period of internal conflicts began in the 1st century BC with several Civil Wars and peasants revolts.
-To pacify these revolts, the general Julius Caesar was proclaimed dictator for life in 45 BC, and received full power in the government and army.
However, Julius Caesar was assassinated by a section of the Senate who opposed to his excessive power.
-A new Civil War followed Caesar’s death, his nephew Octavius Augustus, sized power ended the Republic in 27BC and established the Empire.
pax on roma
-In the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, Roman civilization reached the height of its splendour:
-The army maintained the peace
-Roman culture and ways of life were adopted by others peoples
-Rome founded cities, built roads, spread the use of its language and applied the Roman law
the end of roman empire
-this happen in the 3rd century AD
-The need for greater defense gave more power to the army, who began to pressure and overthrown emperors regularly, this caused great political instability.
-In the 4th century , an Asian tribe called the Huns, led by Attila, pressured t he Germanic Tribes, who crossed the borders of the Roman Empire in in search of protection.
An atmosphere of insecurity arose:
-Trade was reduced
-People moved out the cities to the countryside in search of security, food and lower taxes.
the end of roman empire 2
-In 395 AD, Theodosius divided the Empire to make it easier to defend:
-The Eastern Roman Empire whose capital was Constantinople
-The Western Roman Empire, whose capital was Rome.
-Theodosius’s successors wer weak emperors and could not prevent the invasion of the Germanic peoples.
-In 476 AD, the last emperor of Rome, Romulus Augustulus was dethroned and the Western Roman Empire ended.
-The Eastern Roman Empire resisted until 1453.
