T1- Tectonic Plates Flashcards
(23 cards)
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3 types of plate boundaries
- Constructive (Divergent)
- Destructive (Convergent)
- Conservative (Transform)
(Collision)
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3 formats of plate boundaries
- ocean + ocean
- ocean + continental
- continental + continental
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Intraplate hazards are formed by
Mantle Plumes
Volcanic Hotspots
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Theory of plate tectonics consist of (5)
- mantle convection
- palaeomagnetism
- seafloor spreading
- subduction
- slab pull/ridge push
-earth’s internal structure
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Earthquake consists of 4 waves
- Primary (fastest)
- Secondary (slowest)
- Love (surface/side to side)
- Rayleigh (roll forward)
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Primary Hazards of Volcanos (4)
- Lava flows
- Pyroclastic flows
- Ash fall
- Gas eruptions
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Primary Hazards of Earthquakes (2)
- Crustal Fracturing
- Ground Shaking
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Secondary Hazards of Volcanos (2)
- Lahars
- Jökulhlaups
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Secondary Hazards of Earthquakes (3)
- Tsunamis
- Liquefaction
- Landslides
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Definition of Natural Disaster must include (4)
- 10+ reported deaths
- 100+ reported affected people
- Declaration of a state of emergency
- Call for international assistance
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Magnitude and Intensity of Tectonic Hazards is measure using (3)
- Mercalli Scale
- MMS (Moment Magnitude Scale)
- VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index)
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PAR Model (Pressure and Release) looks at (3)
- Root Causes
- Dynamic Pressures
- Unsafe Conditions
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PAR Model Root Causes (5)
- Limited access to power
- Limited access to resources
- Poor buildings
- Corruption
- Weak Economic System
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PAR Model Dynamic Pressures (6)
- Lack of training
- Lack of investment
- Press freedom
- Rapid population change
- Rapid urbanisation
- Deforestation
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PAR Model Unsafe Conditions (4)
- Physical environment
- Local economy
- Social relations
- Public actions
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Tectonic Mega-Disasters (3)
- Boxing Day Tsunami (2004)
- Eyjafjallajökull Volcano (2010)
- Japanese Tsunami (2011)
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Hazard Profiles include (6)
- Magnitude
- Speed of Onset
- Duration
- Frequency
- Areal Extent
- Spatial Predictability
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Multiple Hazard Zone (Philippines) consist of (7)
- Earthquake
- Volcanos
- Landslides
- Floods
- Mudslides
- Drought
- Pyroclastic Flows
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4 stages to the Management Cycle
- Response
- Recovery
- Mitigation
- Preparedness
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3 stages to the PARKS Model
- Relief (hours - days)
- Rehabilitation (days - weeks)
- Reconstruction (weeks - years)
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Prediction of tectonic events consist of (4)
- earthquakes occur of plate boundaries
- spatially only
- seismic gap theory
- tsunamis occur 6.0Mw
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Forecasting of tectonic events consist of (3)
- Limited return periods
- Hazard Profiles
- Tsunami occur 6.0Mw
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4 strategies to modify event
- Modify the cause
- Modify the event
- Modify the loss
- Modify the vulnerability
