T2 - Airway Infections (Josh)

Question 1

Rhinitis is commonly called – – or — and is an inflammation of — —

Answer 1

hay fever

allergies

nasal mucosa

Question 2

Sinusitis:

Non-surgical management

Answer 2

Broad-specturm antibiotic

Analgesics

Decongestants

Steam humidification

Hot/Wet packs over sinus area

Nasal saline irrigation

Increase fluids (thins secretions)

Question 3

Pharyngitis:

What is the main thing we need to do?

Answer 3

determine why you have it

can range from strep (which can lead to serious complications) to cancer

Question 4

— is a rare complication from pharyngitis.

Answer 4

Epiglottitis

Question 5

— — is a medical emergency that can close the airways.

Answer 5

Acute Epiglottitis

Question 6

What is a Rapid Antigen Test (RAT)?

Answer 6

screening process for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal antigen

***results in 15 mins

Question 7

Tonsillitis:

How long should you be on antibiotics?

Answer 7

7 - 10 days

***tonsillitis is usually bacterial

Question 8

Peritonsillar Abcess (PTA):

What is this a complication of?

Answer 8

Acute Tonsillitis

Question 9

Peritonsillar Abscess (PTA):

What are clinical manifestations of PTA?

Answer 9

Pus causing one sided swelling with deviation of uvula

Trismus and difficulty breathing

Bad breath, swollen lymph nodes

Question 10

Peritonsillar Abscess (PTA):

What is treatment for PTA?

Answer 10

Percutaneous needle aspiration of abscess

Antibiotics

Question 11

What should you immediately think of when you hear the word ‘abscess’?

Answer 11

Draining it

Antibiotic treatment

Question 12

Laryngitis:

Clinical Manifestations

Answer 12

Acute hoarseness

Dry cough

Difficulty swallowin

Temporary voice loss (aphonia)

**NO WHISPERING

Question 13

Laryngits:

Treatment plan

Answer 13

Voice Rest (best thing you can do)

Steam inhalation

Increase fluid intake

Throat lozenges

Reduce tobacco and ETOH

Question 14

— is a highly contageous acute viral respiratory infection.

Answer 14

Influenza

Question 15

Antiviral meds for Pandemic Influenza

Answer 15

oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

zanamivir (Relenza)

Question 16

Influenza:

For antiviral meds to work, when should they be taken?

Answer 16

within 24-48 hrs

Question 17

What is pneumonia?

Answer 17

excess fluid in lungs resulting in inflammatory process

Question 18

Pneumonia can be cause by Atelectasis. What can cause Atelectasis?

Answer 18

prolonged immobility, leading to lungs not expanding enough

Question 19

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP):

Preventing it?

Answer 19

Hand hygiene

Oral care

HOB 30 degrees or more

Question 20

Pneumonia:

What procedure is done to diagnose it?

Answer 20

Chest X-ray

Question 21

Severe Acute Resp. Syndrome (SARS):

What family of viruses causes SARS?

Answer 21

coronaviruses

Question 22

Severe Acute Resp. Syndrome (SARS):

Pathophysiology

Answer 22

virus infection of resp. tract cells triggering inflammatory response

Question 23

Severe Acute Resp. Syndrome (SARS):

How do you cure?

Answer 23

no known cure…only treat symptoms

Question 24

Pulmonary Tuberculosis:

Pulmonary TB is highly communicalb eand is cause by – —

Answer 24

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 25

Pulmonary TB: How is TB transmitted?

Answer 25

via aerosolization

Question 26

Pulmonary TB: What is secondary TB?

Answer 26

incidence increased related to onset of HIV

Question 27

Pulmonary TB: What are clinical manifestations?

Answer 27

Progressive fatigue Lethargy Nausea Anorexia Weight Loss Irregular Menses LOW GRADE FEVER, NIGHT SWEATS Cough, mucopurulent sputum, blood streaks

Question 28

TB: Diagnostic Assessment

Answer 28

Manifestation of S/S NAAT (results in 2 hrs) Sputum smear of acid-fast bacillus Sputum culture of M. tuberculosis Mantoux test

Question 29

TB: Which Mantoux test results are positive?

Answer 29

induration of 10 mm or greater ***immunosuppressed may be positive at only 5 mm

Question 30

TB: Medical interventions

Answer 30

Combo drug therapy with strict adherence **6 mths to a year

Question 31

TB Meds: What do we need to know?

Answer 31

Isoniazid (hepatotoxic) Rifampin (orange pee) Pyrazinamide (joint swelling) Ethambutaol (E for Eye; vision isssues) * **all are hepatotoxic * **monitor liver enzymes

Question 32

TB: When are they no longer considered infectious?

Answer 32

after 3 negative sputum cultures

Question 33

What is a lung abscess?

Answer 33

localized area of lung destruction caused by liquefaaction necrosis

Question 34

Lung Abscess: Which organism typically causes it?

Answer 34

pyogenic bacteria

Question 35

Lung Abscess: Clinical manifestation

Answer 35

Pleuritic chest pain

Question 36

Lung Abscess: Interventions

Answer 36

Antibiotics Drainage (thoracentesis) Frequent mouth care for Candida albicans

Question 37

Inhalation Anthrax is caused by which organism?

Answer 37

Bacillus Antracis ***from contaminated soil

Question 38

Drug therapy for Antrax?

Answer 38

Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline Amoxicillin ***100% fatal if untreated

Question 39

What is Pulmonary Empyema?

Answer 39

Collection of pus in pleural space

Question 40

Pulmonary Empyema: What are most common causes?

Answer 40

Pulmonary infectoin Lung abscess Infected pleural effusion

Question 41

Pulmonary Empyema: What are interventions?

Answer 41

Empty empyema cavity Re-expand lung Control infection