T2 - Bonding, structure and the properties of matter

Question 1

what is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

metal reacts with non metal

Question 2

What happens when a metal atom looses electrons in ionic bonding?

Answer 2

become positively charged ions

Question 3

what happens when a non metal gains electrons?

Answer 3

becomes negatively charged

Question 4

what is an ion?

Answer 4

an atom with an overall charge

Question 5

what is an ionic compound?

Answer 5

a giant structure of ions

Question 6

what are ionic compounds held together by?

Answer 6

electrostatic forces/ ionic bonds

Question 7

which direction do electrostatic forces work in ionic compound?

Answer 7

all directions

Question 8

properties of ionic compounds? X3

Answer 8

-high melting and boiling point
-cannot conduct electricity when solid
-can conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water

Question 9

Why do ionic compounds have a high melting and boiling point?

Answer 9

electrostatic force require lots of heat energy to break

Question 10

why can’t ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid?

Answer 10

ions cant move due to electrostatic forces

Question 11

Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water?

Answer 11

Ions are free to move and can carry charge

Question 12

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 12

when atoms share electrons

Question 13

strength of covalent bond?

Answer 13

Very strong

Question 14

Properties of small covalent molecules? x2

Answer 14

-low melting and boiling points
-Do not conduct electricity

Question 15

what is the state of small covalent molecules at room temperature?

Answer 15

gas or liquid

Question 16

What is the name of the force between 2 molecules in a small covalent molecule?

Answer 16

intermolecular force

Question 17

Why do small covalent molecules have low melting and boiling points?

Answer 17

weak intermolecular forces between molecules that are easy to break

Question 18

What happens when size of small covalent molecule increases?

Answer 18

intermolecular forces increase

Question 19

Why don’t small covalent molecules conduct electricity?

Answer 19

No overall charge

Question 20

What state do giant covalent molecule take at room temperature?

Answer 20

solid

Question 21

Why are giant covalent molecule solids at room temperature?

Answer 21

Lots of strong covalent bonds

Question 22

what is diamond formed from?

Answer 22

carbon

Question 23

Properties of giant covalent molecule? x1

Answer 23

High melting and boiling points

Question 24

Why cant diamonds conduct electricity?

Answer 24

-no free electrons to carry charge

Question 25

Properties of graphite? x3

Answer 25

-HIgh melting and boiling point -soft and slippery -good conductor of heat and electricity

Question 26

Properties of diamond? x3

Answer 26

- hard -high melting and boiling point - do not conduct electricity

Question 27

How many covalent bonds does each carbon atoms form in diamond?

Answer 27

four covalent bonds

Question 28

How many covalent bonds does each carbon atoms form in graphite?

Answer 28

three covalent bonds

Question 29

What shape do carbon atoms in graphite form?

Answer 29

Hexagonal rings

Question 30

Why does graphite have a high melting and boiling point?

Answer 30

lots of covalent bonds

Question 31

Why is graphite slippery?

Answer 31

no covalent bonds between layers of hexagonal rings

Question 32

Why is graphite a good conductor of heat and electricity?

Answer 32

Has delocalised electrons

Question 33

What is graphene?

Answer 33

a single layer of graphite

Question 34

properties of graphene? x2

Answer 34

-good conductor of electricity -strong

Question 35

What is graphene useful for? X2

Answer 35

electronics and making new materials

Question 36

What is fullerenes?

Answer 36

molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes

Question 37

How many carbon atoms form rings in fullerene? x3

Answer 37

5,6,7

Question 38

What was the first fullerene to be discovered?

Answer 38

Buckminsterfullerene

Question 39

What shape does Buckminsterfullerene have?

Answer 39

Spherical shape

Question 40

Uses of fullerenes? X3

Answer 40

-Pharmaceutical delivery into body -lubricants -catalysts

Question 41

What are carbon nanotubes?

Answer 41

fullerenes shaped as cylinders

Question 42

Properties of carbon nanotubes? x2

Answer 42

-high tensile strength good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 43

Uses of carbon nanotubes? x1

Answer 43

To reinforce materials

Question 44

Size of polymers?

Answer 44

large molecules

Question 45

What are polymers made from?

Answer 45

Monomers (small molecules)

Question 46

What are monomers in polymers linked by?

Answer 46

strong covalent bonds

Question 47

Properties of polymers? x1

Answer 47

-Solid at room temperature -

Question 48

Why are polymers solids at room temperatre?

Answer 48

intermolecular forces between polymer molecules are strong

Question 49

size of structure of metals?

Answer 49

giant structures of atoms

Question 50

Why are metals good conductors of heat and electricity?

Answer 50

-delocalised electrons with charge

Question 51

Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 51

Strong metallic bonds

Question 52

What is the bond between delocalised electrons and metal ions?

Answer 52

metallic bonds

Question 53

Why are metals malleable?

Answer 53

Layers of atoms slide over each other

Question 54

What is an alloy?

Answer 54

mixture of metals

Question 55

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Answer 55

Different size atoms stop layer of atoms from sliding

Question 56

Diameter of coarse particles?

Answer 56

2500 to 10,000 nm

Question 57

Diameter of fine particles?

Answer 57

100 to 2,500 nm

Question 58

Diameter of nanoparticles?

Answer 58

between 1–100 nm

Question 59

What happens when the side of cube decreases by 10 times?

Answer 59

Surface area to volume ratio increases by 10 times

Question 60

Main feature of nanoparticles?

Answer 60

High surface area to volume ratio

Question 61

Benefit of nanoparticles?

Answer 61

only small quantity needed

Question 62

Risks of nanoparticles? x2

Answer 62

-can enter body -not studied much

Question 63

Uses of nano particles? x4

Answer 63

-sun cream -deodorant -electronics -catalyst

Question 64

Advantage of dot and cross diagrams?

Answer 64

Easy to tell where electron comes from

Question 65

disadvantage of dot and cross diagrams?

Answer 65

dont tell us shape of moleculce

Question 66

disadvantage of stick diagram? x3

Answer 66

-cant tell where electron am from -doesnt tell us about outer electrons not in bonds -dont tell us shape of moleculce

Question 67

advantage of 3D stick diagram?

Answer 67

-shows shape of molecule

Question 68

advantage of ball and stick diagram?

Answer 68

allows us to see ions in 3D

Question 69

disadvantage of ball and stick diagram?

Answer 69

ions shown as spaced instead of together

Question 70

advantage of space filling diagram?

Answer 70

shows how close ions are

Question 71

disadvantage of ball and stick diagram?

Answer 71

hard to see 3D packing

Question 72

disadvantage of both ball and stick diagram and space filling diagram?

Answer 72

doesnt show size of structure