T2 Genes and Health

Question 1

What is Fick’s Law?

Answer 1

rate of diffusion proportional to (surface area x concentration difference) divided by thickness of membrane

Question 2

Define diffusion

Question 3

Define active transport

Question 4

Define osmosis

Question 5

Define facilitated diffusion.

Question 6

What is ATP composed of?

Question 7

What is endocytosis

Question 8

What is exocytosis

Question 9

What must be controlled in the beetroot membrane permeability

Question 10

What must be controlled in the beetroot membrane permeability practical

Question 11

How is permeability of beetroot assessed

Question 12

Describe the fluid mosaic model

Question 13

What would the independent variables of the beetroot core practical be?

Question 14

How is the structure of the mammalian
lung is adapted for rapid gaseous exchange?

Question 15

Describe the structure of cell membranes.

Question 16

Explain the function of carrier and channel proteins in membrane transport.

Question 17

Describe the structure of a mononucleotide
molecule.

Question 18

Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.

Question 19

Describe the structure of a RNA molecule.

Question 20

Describe the formation of the DNA double helix.

Question 21

Describe the process of protein synthesis
(transcription).

Question 22

Explain the function of the DNA template
(antisense) strand in transcription.

Question 23

Explain the function of the codons on messenger
RNA and anticodons on transfer RNA.

Question 24

Explain the nature of the genetic code.

Question 25

Explain the function of a gene.

Question 26

Describe the basic structure of an amino acid.

Question 27

Explain the formation of polypeptides and proteins.

Question 28

Describe the structure of a protein molecule.

Question 29

Explain the significance of a protein’s primary structure in determining its three-dimensional structure and properties.

Question 30

Describe the molecular structure of a globular protein.

Question 31

Describe the molecular structure of a fibrous protein.

Question 32

Explain how the structures of a globular protein and a fibrous protein relate to their functions (including haemoglobin and collagen).

Question 33

Explain the mechanism of action and the specificity of enzymes in terms of their three-dimensional structure.

Question 34

State the function of enzymes

Question 35

Explain the function of intracellular enzymes.

Question 36

Explain the function of extracellular enzymes.

Question 37

Describe the relationship between enzymes and substrate concentrations.

Question 38

Explain the effect of enzyme and substrate concentrations on the initial rates of reactions.

Question 39

Describe the process of DNA replication.

Question 40

Explain how Meselson and Stahl’s classic experiment provided new data that supported the accepted theory of replication of DNA and refuted competing theories.

Question 41

Define the term mutation.

Question 42

Explain how errors in DNA replication can give rise to mutations.

Question 43

State and explain the cause of cystic fibrosis.

Question 44

Define gene

Question 45

Define allele

Question 46

Define genotype

Question 47

Define phenotype

Question 48

Define recessive and dominant

Question 49

Define incomplete dominance

Question 50

Define homozygote and heterozygote

Question 51

Explain how the expression of a gene mutation in people with cystic fibrosis impairs the functioning of the gaseous exchange, digestive and reproductive

Question 52

Explain the uses of genetic screening.

Question 53

State the implications of prenatal genetic screening.

Question 54

Explain why people agree or disagree with genetic screening from a range of ethical viewpoints.