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Module 203 Reproduction & endocrinology > T2 L1 Defining the pelvic region > Flashcards

T2 L1 Defining the pelvic region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 bones that form the pelvis?

A

2 x innominate bones
Sacrum
Coccyx

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2
Q

What forms the innominate bones?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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3
Q

What forms the sacrum?

A

Formed by fusion of the 5 sacral vertebrae

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4
Q

Describe the sacroiliac ligament

A

Between the sacrum and ilum

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5
Q

Describe the sacrococcygeal ligament

A

Between the sacrum and the coccyx

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6
Q

Describe the sacrospinous ligament

A

Between ischial spine and sacrum / coccyx

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7
Q

Describe the sacrotuberous ligament

A

Between lateral aspect of the sacrum and coccyx onto the medial margin of ischial tuberosity

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8
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Diamond-shaped surface extending from mons pubis to medial surface of the thighs. Posterior to gluteal folds

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9
Q

What divides the perineum into 2 triangles?

A

By a transverse line which joins the 2 ischial tuberosities

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10
Q

What are the 2 triangles that make up the perineum?

A

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

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11
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Where several sphincter and perineal pouch muscles converge

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12
Q

What is enclosed in the deep perineal pouch?

A

Urethra
Vagina
Glands such as bulbourethral
Perineal muscles

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13
Q

What is enclosed in the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Urethra
Vagina or root of penis
Glands
Perineal pouch

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14
Q

What is the function of perineal muscles in the deep perineal pouch?

A

Act as a sphincter

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15
Q

What is the function of perineal muscles in the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Provide support to external genitalia such as bulbospongiosus or ischiocavernous muscles

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16
Q

What forms the pelvic brim?

A

Promontory and Ala of sacrum

Right and left linea terminalis

17
Q

What is the posterior border of the pelvic cavity?

A

Sacrum / coccyx

18
Q

What is the anterior border of the pelvic cavity?

A

Pubic symphysis

19
Q

What is the inferior border of the pelvic cavity?

A

Pelvic cavity

20
Q

What is the superior border of the pelvic cavity?

A

Pelvic brim

21
Q

What is the lateral border of the pelvic cavity?

A

Obturator internus muscle

22
Q

What is contained in the pelvic cavity?

A

Reproductive organs / tracts
Bladder
Rectum

23
Q

What muscles line the walls of the pelvis?

A

Piriformis

Obturator internus

24
Q

What muscles line the floor of the pelvis?

A

Coccygeus

Levator ani

25
Q

What makes up the levator ani?

A

Iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis

26
Q

Describe the path of the piriformis muscle

A

From anterior surface of sacrum through greater sciatic foramen (over ischial spine) to insert onto greater trochanter of femur

27
Q

Describe the path of the obturator internus

A

From internal surface of obturator membrane through the lesser sciatic foramen (below ischial spine) to insert onto the greater trochanter of the femur

28
Q

Where does the coccygeal run from and to?

A

From ischial spine

To inferior end of sacrum and coccyx

29
Q

Where does the iliococcygeus run from and to?

A

From tendinous arch to anococcygeal body

30
Q

What is the tendinous arch?

A

Line extending from ischial spine to posterior aspect of pubic bone

31
Q

Where does the pubococcygeus run from and to?

A

From posterior aspect of pubic bone

Insert to coccyx (lateral fibres) or merges with contralateral fibres

32
Q

Where does the puborectalis run from and to?

A

Originates from posterior aspect of pubic bone

Slings behind the rectum

33
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic floor?

A

Support abdominopelvic viscera
Resistance to increases in intra-pelvic / abdominal pressure
Urinary and faecal continence

34
Q

What are the arteries supplying the pelvic region?

A

Anterior division of internal iliac into uterine, vesicle or internal pudendal

35
Q

What are the veins draining the pelvic region?

A

Internal iliac into common iliac veins

Gonadal into IVC or left renal vein

36
Q

What are the 2 nerve plexuses that supply the pelvic region

A 
Somatic plexus (L4 to coccyx)
Visceral plexus
37
Q

Describe the somatic plexus

A 
Lumbrosacral (L4 to S4)
Coccygeal
Motor or sensory function
-sciatic nerve
-superior / inferior gluteal
-pudendal nerve
38
Q

What is the lumbosacral trunk?

A

Sacral plexus is joined by anterior primary rami of lumbar L4/5

39
Q

What are the branches of the lumbosacral trunk?

A

Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve

Module 203 Reproduction & endocrinology (52 decks)

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