T2 L3: Male and female endocrinology

Question 1

what does GNRH cause in the male

Answer 1

release of LH and FSH

Question 2

what is the function of LH in males

Answer 2

Acts on the testes to cause the secretion of the male hormone testosterone

Question 3

what is the function of FSH on the testes

Answer 3

Sperm production

Question 4

what to hormones must be present in order for sperm production to occur

Answer 4

Testosterone

LH

FSH

Question 5

what is the negative feedback effects in males

Answer 5

Testosterone inhibits GNRH FSH and LH

Question 6

What is the function of inhibin

Answer 6

used in negative feedback in males :

secretion from Sertoli cells inhibits the release of FSH

Question 7

what is the function of oestrogen on the foetus

Answer 7

It has no effect

Question 8

What causes the male embryo to develop male anatomy

Answer 8

The secretion of testosterone from the embryonic testes

Question 9

what causes the female anatomy to form

Answer 9

Lack of testosterone (therefore no hormone influence )

Question 10

what occurs if a male embryo can’t secrete testosterone

Answer 10

they will have female characteristics

Question 11

what male characteristics form as a result of testosterone secretion in puberty

Answer 11

Secondary sex features such as :

acne

muscle development

Long bone growth (requires the effects of testosterone require conversion to oestradiol by aromatase.)

Muscle development

enlargement of the larynx

male pattern pubic hair

maturation of the genitalia

Question 12

what is the function of GNRH in females

Answer 12

LH and FSH secretion

Question 13

what does FSH secretion cause in females

2marks

Answer 13

Secretion of estrogen from the ovaries

& growth of ovarian follicles and their maturation

Question 14

what does LH cause in females

Answer 14

Progesterone production

& the release of ovarian eggs

Question 15

what are Estrogens

Answer 15

Group of hormones that promotes fertility -estradiol

Question 16

what causes the production of female characteristics in puberty and what re they

Answer 16

A massive increase in oestrogen

Bone growth

female psyche

fair complexion

breast development

fair complexion

widening of the pelvis

subcutaneous fat deposition

female pattern pubic hair

maturation of genitalia

Question 17

describe the secretion of GNRH

Answer 17

its pulsatile and not constant (in females)

Question 18

what determines whether you have FSH or LH secretion

Answer 18

GNRH frequency

Question 19

what type of activity of the hypothalamus is shown in the female embryo

Answer 19

Pulsatile activity

Question 20

what occurs if the female foetus is exposed to testosterone

Answer 20

GNRH secretion Pulsatility is lost and causes constant GNRH secretion like in men

Question 21

what occurs to females when they go through menopause and around what age

Answer 21

At age 52

women stop producing oestrogen and so there is regression in the secondary sex characteristics

feedback is lost and so FSH and LH increase

Question 22

what occurs to females when they go through menopause and around what age

Answer 22

At age 52

women stop producing oestrogen and so there is regression in the secondary sex characteristics

feedback is lost and so FSH and LH increase

Question 23

what occurs in day 1 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 23

the first day of bleeding, average duration is 7 days. Causes fsh and oestrogen conc rises and fsh conc dips and so does estrosiol​

Question 24

what occurs at day 12 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 24

LH surge causes fsh surge –this is an error-no function​

Question 25

how many days does the LH surge require for elevated oestrdiol and what are its effects

Answer 25

3 days causing progesterone and estrodiol for about 7 days – this in turns causes ge in LH and estrodiol

Question 26

what is progesterone secretion in the 2nd half of the menstrual cycle dominated by

Answer 26

Estrodiol

Question 27

when is acne and sexual libido experienced In the menstrual cycle

Answer 27

Theres a few days in the middle of the month where estrodiol and progesterone are lower than the prominent testosterone

Question 28

when is the menstrual cycle variable for diff people

Answer 28

the first 14 days

Question 29

What is the function of FSH

Answer 29

follicle maturation and oestrogen secretion

Question 30

what is another effect of the LH surge

Answer 30

Causes Ovum to be expelled on day 14, 2 days after surge

Question 31

what does LH cause to the cells of the ovum

Answer 31

yellowing and oestradiol and progesterone production

Question 32

what does LH cause to the cells of the ovum

Answer 32

yellowing and oestradiol and progesterone production

Question 33

Oestrodial causes thickening of the endometrium and what occurs after

Answer 33

progesterone comes, endometrium enters the secretory phase and secretes allowing ovum to grow ​

Question 34

what happens after the fertile stage of menstruation if there is no conception

Answer 34

theres a decrease in progesterone and oestadiol causing collapse of the endometrium ​

Question 35

what does a drop in progesterone cause | 3marks

Answer 35

vasoconstriction –atrophy of tissues, causing bleeding , after a few hours blood vessels dilate – increase blood supply at day 27 washes away dead cells, and blood clots in endometrium.​ ​ Then fibrolysis of clot broken and the mix of blood clot and myometrium.​ ​

Question 36

what are the effects of prostaglandins

Answer 36

Cervix prevents bacteria, 2dilation caused by FSH and LFH causes the cervix to dilate AND progesterone causes it to constrict.​

Question 37

what does progesterone cause to your body temperature

Answer 37

It increases it

Question 38

what is the life expectancy of an ovum and sperm

Answer 38

48 hours

Question 39

when is it fertile for sperm to be deposited

Answer 39

days 12-16