T2 Lesson 2: Blood

Question 1

Label parts 1-4 of the red blood cell.

Answer 1

1.Platelets
2.Red blood cells
3.Plasma
4.White blood cells

Question 2

Name the 4 components that blood is made from.

Answer 2

• plasma
• platelets
• red blood cells
• white blood cells

Question 3

Why are red blood cells shaped like a donut?

Answer 3

• large surface area for absorbing and releasing oxygen
• No nucleus so makes space for haemoglobin to carry more oxygen.

Question 4

Blood is carried around in vessels. name these 3 vessels.

Answer 4

• arteries
• veins
• capillaries

Question 5

Where does the plasma carry the digested food products?

Answer 5

from the gut to the body cells

Question 6

Why is your blood red?

Answer 6

because of haemoglobin that is made from iron which is why the plasma is not red but yellow.

Question 7

What area of the body does plasma carry urea?

Answer 7

From the liver to the kidneys where it is removed by urine.

Question 8

Where does the plasma carry the carbon dioxide?

Answer 8

from the body cells to the lungs

Question 9

What is blood plasma?

Answer 9

The liquid in your blood that is a pale yellow colour.

Question 10

Blood carries platelets around the body. What is the purpose of them?

Answer 10

To clot blood where needed. They make scabs and these can be inside and outside the body.

Question 11

Blood carries products to the cells. What does it carry away?

Answer 11

Waste products such as co2

Question 12

What is it called when the cell is not carrying oxygen?

Answer 12

deoxyhaemoglobin

Question 13

What is the purpose of blood?

Answer 13

To transport things

Question 14

Why do the red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells in the body?

Answer 14

For cellular respiration (breathing in the cells)

Question 15

What is it called when the cell is carrying oxygen?

Answer 15

oxyhaemoglobin

Question 16

Name some of the digested food products that the plasma carries.

Answer 16

glucose and amino acids

Question 17

plasma carries hormones. What do hormones do?

Answer 17

Act as chemical messengers

Question 18

The plasma carries red blood cells. Why?

Answer 18

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the cells.

Question 19

What else does plasma carry?

Answer 19

• red & white blood cells
• digested food products
• carbon dioxide
• urea
• hormones
• heat energy

Question 20

Why does plasma carry white blood cells?

Answer 20

To protect the body (immune system)

Question 21

What does angiotensin 2 do?

Answer 21

constricts the blood vessels increasing your blood pressure so the ACE inhibitor medicine stops the enzyme in angitoensin 1 into antgiotensin 2 - this preventing the blood pressure increasing!

Question 22

What does the ACE medication do to help with hypertension?

Answer 22

It breaks down angiotensin 1 into smaller angiotensin 2

Question 23

If you have hypertension what does the liver produce to help?

Answer 23

antiotensinogen

Question 24

To help with hypertension, what does the kidney produce and what does this do?

Answer 24

Renin which breaks down antiotensin into antiotensin I

Question 25

How do doctors treat hypertension?

Answer 25

With ACE inhibitors which is medication that influences the renin - antiotensin system and helps control and lower the blood pressure.

Question 26

How can we reduce the risk of hypertension?

Answer 26

* Don't drink alcohol * Don't smoke * Maintain a healthy weight * Exercise regularly * Limit salt in diet

Question 27

What is considered as a healthy blood pressure?

Answer 27

ranges between 100-140 mmHg (systolic - top number) 60-90 mmHG (diastolic - bottom number)

Question 28

When the heart is relaxed what is it in? systolic or diastolic?

Answer 28

diastolic

Question 29

When the heart is contracting what is it doing?

Answer 29

pushing blood around the body (systolic)

Question 30

When measuring blood pressure what are the 2 different types of numbers that show the pressure called?

Answer 30

- Systolic pressure (top number) - Diastolic pressure (bottom number)

Question 31

What can hypertension cause?

Answer 31

-** Heart attack** - lack of blood to brain, hypertension weakens vessles making them more prone to damage -**Heart failure** - gradual weakening of the heart as it works too hard -**Stroke** - lack of blood to brain, hypertension weakens vessles making them more prone to damage

Question 32

What is hypertension?

Answer 32

when you have high blood pressure when resting

Question 33

Name some of the things that cause the blood pressure to vary?

Answer 33

-** health** - if unhealthy more chance of developing atherosclorosis which cause high blood pressure. -**age** - older people more at risk -**sex** - being prgnant makes a female more risk of High blood pressure -**exercise** - people who exercise tend to have lower blood pressure

Question 34

What does atherosclerosis do?

Answer 34

Blocks blood vessels which then increases a persons blood pressureas blood is forced through a smaller lumen.

Question 35

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 35

Build of plaque inside the artery.

Question 36

What is blood pressure?

Answer 36

The measurement of force applied to the artery walls.

Question 37

What are blood clots made from?

Answer 37

* A **platelet** * A mesh of protein called** fibrin** and other **proteins called clotting factors**.

Question 38

Why do platelets clot up blood?

Answer 38

- To stop you losing too much blood -prevent microorganisms from entering the wound (bacteria, viruses or protoctists).

Question 39

What are platelets?

Answer 39

-small fragments of cells -clump together to plug up damaged areas (blood clotting)

Question 40

What are the characteristics of capillaries?

Answer 40

- carry blood close to every cell in the body so that substances can exchange. -supply food and oxygen and remove waste like carbon dioxide.

Question 41

Name the smallest blood vessel?

Answer 41

capillaries

Question 42

What are the characteristics of a vein?

Answer 42

-Walls not as thick because blood at lower pressure. -Larger lumen to help blood with lower pressure flow. -Valves keep blood moving in right direction.

Question 43

Give me some information about the arteries.

Answer 43

- strong and elastic to cope with high pressure blood from the heart -walls thick compared to the size of the lumen.

Question 44

vein

Answer 44

blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

Question 45

artery

Answer 45

blood vessel that carries blood AWAY from the heart

Question 46

lumen

Answer 46

The hollow space within a blood vessel