T3: Organic Molecular Structures

Question 1

Define ORGANIC MOLECULES

Answer 1

Molecules containing carbon atoms

Question 2

Name the three ways in which you can express the formulae of an compound

Answer 2

1. Structural formulae
2. Condensed structural formulae
3. Molecular formulae

Question 3

Define CONDENSED STRUCTURAL FORMULA

Answer 3

A notation that shows the way in which atoms are bonded together in a molecule, but does not show all bond lines

Question 4

Name the following type of formula

Name the following type of formula

Answer 4

Condensed structural formula

Question 5

Define STRUCTURAL FORMULA (3)

Answer 5

• formula of a compound that shows which atoms are attached to which within the molecule.
• Atoms are presented by their chemical symbols.
• Lines are used to represent all the bonds that hold the atoms together

Question 6

Name the following type of formula

Answer 6

Structural formula

Question 7

Define MOLECULAR FORMULA

Answer 7

A chemical formula that indicates the element and numbers of each of the atoms in a molecule

Question 8

Name the following type of formula

Answer 8

Molecular formula

Question 9

Define HYDROCARBON

Answer 9

Organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 10

Define HOMOLOGOUS SERIES

Answer 10

-A series of organic compounds
- that can be described by the same general formula
OR
- in which one member differs fron the next with a CH2 group

Question 11

Define SATURATED COMPOUNDS

Answer 11

Compounds in which there are no multiple bonds between carbon atoms
in their hydrocarbon chain

Question 12

Define UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS

Answer 12

Compounds with one of more multiple bonds between carbon atoms
In their hydrocarbon chain

Question 13

define FUNCTIONAL GROUP (3)

Answer 13

• A bond or an atom or a group of atoms that
• determines the physical and chemical properties
• of a group of organic compounds

Question 14

ALKANES

1. Functional group description
2. Suffix
3. functional groups structure

Answer 14

1. Only C-H and C-C single Bonds
2. -ane

3.

Question 15

ALKENES

1. Functional group description
2. Suffix
3. functional groups structure

Answer 15

1. C-C double bond
2. -ene

3.

Question 16

ALKYNES

1. Description of functional group
2. Functional group

Answer 16

1. C-C tripple bond

Question 17

HALOALKANES

1. Functional group description
2. Preffix (4) + suffix
3. functional groups structure

Answer 17

1. Halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom in an alkane
2. 1. F - fluoro
3. 2. Cl - chloro
4. 3. Br - bromo
5. 4. I - iodo
6. 5. -ane

Question 18

ALCOHOL

1. Functional group description
2. suffix
3. functional groups structure

Answer 18

1. Hydoxyl group bonded to a saturated carbon atom
2. An-(no)-ol
   ethan-1,2-diol (di is added if compound has 2 hydroxyl groups)

3.

Question 19

What is a primary alcohol molecule?

Answer 19

It is a that molecule carries the hydroxyl group at the end of the longest cardon chain

Question 20

What is a secondary alcohol molecule?

Answer 20

It is a molecule that has a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is joined directly to two carbon groups

Question 21

What is a tertiary alcohol molecule?

Answer 21

It is a molecule that has a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is derectly attached to three carbon groups

Question 22

ALDEHYDES

1. Suffix
2. functional structure

Answer 22

1. -anal

2.

Question 23

KETONES

1. Suffix
2. functional structues

Answer 23

1. -an-(no)-one

2.

Question 24

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

1. suffix
2. Structural formula

Answer 24

1. Anoic acid

2.

Question 25

ESTERS 1. Structural formula

Answer 25

Question 26

ALKYL 1. Define structure 2. Suffix 3. Suffix for two

Answer 26

1. Branched out alkanes 2. -yl 3. -di(meth/eth/etc)yl

Question 27

DIENES 1. define structure 2. Suffix

Answer 27

1. Alkenes with two or more double bonds in their structures | 2. (Eth/prop/etc)a-(no),(no)-diene

Question 28

Define ISOMERS

Answer 28

- two or more compounds with the same molecular formula | - but different stuctural formulae

Question 29

Define STRUCTURAL ISOMER (2)

Answer 29

- organic molecules with the same molecular formula | - but different structural formulae

Question 30

Define CHAIN ISOMERS

Answer 30

- isomers withe the same molecular formula | - but different types of chains

Question 31

Define POSITIONAL ISOMERS

Answer 31

- isomers with the same molecular formula - but different positions of the 1. side chain Substituents or 2. Functional groups - on the parent chain

Question 32

Define FUNCTIONAL ISOMERS

Answer 32

- isomers with the same molecular formula | - but different functional groups

Question 33

Identify the following isomer

Answer 33

Positional isomer

Question 34

Identify the following isomer

Answer 34

Positional isomer

Question 35

Identify the following isomer

Answer 35

Functional isomer

Question 36

Identify the following isomer

Answer 36

Chain isomer

Question 37

Identify the following isomer

Answer 37

Positional

Question 38

Identify the following isomer

Answer 38

Positional isomer

Question 39

Identify the following isomer

Answer 39

Functional isomer

Question 40

Identify the following isomer

Answer 40

Chain isomer

Question 41

Identify the following isomer

Answer 41

Chain isomer

Question 42

Identify the following isomer

Answer 42

Chain isomer

Question 43

Identify the following isomer

Answer 43

Positional isomer

Question 44

Identify the following isomer

Answer 44

Functional isomer