T3) policy development- theories✅

Question 1

what are the three theories of policy development?

Answer 1

1. biological🧬
2. individualisitic🧍🏼‍♀️
3. sociological👩‍👧‍👧

Question 2

biological🧬

•list 2 bio theories

Answer 2

• eugenics

* death penalty

Question 3

🧬eugenics:
•what is eugenics?
•why is it used?

Answer 3

•altering/ improving some ones genetic qualities if they are thought to have criminal DNA
•to stop criminals having babies and them following in their footsteps.
Improves humanity and society

Question 4

🧬death penalty
•what does this mean?
•who proposed this solution?

Answer 4

• those “born criminals” should be sentenced to death as a deterrent and a way of reducing crime
• Lombrosso believed these ppl in this stigmata are threats to the protection of the public

Question 5

individualistic🧍🏼‍♀️

•list 2 individualistic theories

Answer 5

• psychoanalysis

* behaviour modification

Question 6

🧍🏼‍♀️psychoanalysis:
•what is psychonalysis?
•who introduced it?

Answer 6

• bringing out repressive and distorted thoughts so they can be challenged and overcome
• freud

Question 7

🧍🏼‍♀️psychoanalysis- evaluation:
✅list a strength
❌list 3 negatives … blackburn

Answer 7

✅ helps uncover peoples negative thoughts and hopefully prevents further crimes
❌time consuming
❌creates a power unbalance between therapist and patient
❌blackburn- few positive outcomes

Question 8

🧍🏼‍♀️behaviour modification:
•what is it?
•give an example of this in action

Answer 8

• techniques to remove undesirable behave our and replace it with good, desirable behaviour
• token economy in prisons

Question 9

🧍🏼‍♀️behaviour mod- evaluation:
✅list 2 strengths
❌list 3 weaknesses

Answer 9

✅improves bad behaviour
✅gives people something to work towards
❌only really works in prisons not implemented in real life
❌subjective, token economy. scheme can be seen as dehumanising
❌is it efficient? difficult to change some ones behaviour in a short amount of time

Question 10

sociological👩‍👧‍👧

list 3

Answer 10

zero tolerence
cctv
restorative justice

Question 11

👩‍👧‍👧zero tolerance
• what is zero tolerance?
•why was it introduced?
•by how much did crime fall overall?

Answer 11

• order maintenance and law enforcement to crack down on bad behaviour
• to reduce urban crime
• by 35%

Question 12

👩‍👧‍👧zero tol- evaluation:
✅list a strength
❌list 3 weaknesses

Answer 12

✅reduces crime by a significant amount, keeps public safer
❌Marxists view it as a means of social control saying it focusses on working class crime, ignoring upper class… uneven distribution of wealth
❌seen as an aggressive heavy handed form of policing
❌doesn’t address the original causes of crime

Question 13

👩‍👧‍👧cctv

•whats the purpose of cctv?

Answer 13

•constant surveillance acts as a deterrent potentially preventing crime

Question 14

👩‍👧‍👧cctv- evaluation:
✅3 strengths
❌3 weaknesses

Answer 14

✅can be used as sufficient evidence in court
✅increases threat of criminals being identified and prosecuted
✅creates a fear of punishment

❌doesnt tackle major crimes only street crimes
❌such technology is expensive to install
❌doesn’t uncover the causes of crime so how can it be solved?

Question 15

👩‍👧‍👧 restorative justice:

•what is it?

Answer 15

mediation between the offender and victim/family
aims to achieve a sincere apology ad the offender can see the extent of the damage they’ve caused, hopefully putting them off committing future crimes

Question 16

👩‍👧‍👧RJ- Evaluation:
✅ list 3 strengths
❌list 2 weaknesses

Answer 16

✅inclusive approach- offender can. feel guilt and repentance for the damage they’ve caused
✅justice for victim and a piece of mind, closure as too what happened and why it happened
✅ the victim/fam can decide what will happen to the offender - especially youths
❌difficult to get both parties to willingly take part and co-operate
❌could result on arguing and more hatred and resentment