T3 Urinary

Question 1

Kidneys develops entirely from what?

Answer 1

intermediate mesodermal mesenchyme

Question 2

The intermediate mesodermal mesenchyme in the kidneys forms what structure?

Answer 2

longitudinal ridges in the roof of the coelom

Question 3

The kidneys for from behind. What is the name for structures formed from behind?

Answer 3

retroperitoneal

Question 4

The first kidneys to develop are the ________. They form from _____________ at 22 days gestation.

Answer 4

pronephric kidneys; anterior intermediate mesoderm

Question 5

Are pronephric kidneys functional or non function?

Answer 5

non-functional

Question 6

What is the functional unit of all kidneys?

Answer 6

kidney tubule/nephron

Question 7

In a human embryo, each pronephros consists of _____ nephros, all of which develop from a single somite from the ____________.

Answer 7

7; nephrotome

Question 8

are the amniotic pronephric tubules solid or hollow?

Answer 8

solid

Question 9

What genes determine craniocaudal limits of early urinary system?

Answer 9

Hox4-11

Question 10

The pronephric tubules laterally connect to a longitudinal duct called the pronephric duct. This duct extends from the pronephric tubules through the mesonephric ridge caudally to the _____

Answer 10

cloaca

Question 11

There are two pronephric ducts, one on each side. one duct will be renamed the _________ duct.

Answer 11

mesonephric

Question 12

Running along the mesonephric ridge is a highly vascularized ridge called the __________.

Answer 12

glomus

Question 13

_________ from the blood are filtered from the capillaries in the glomus into the coelomic cavity. From the coelom, these materials move into openings (nephrostomes) of the pronephric tubules and from there to the pronephric duct to the _______.

Answer 13

small molecules; cloaca

Question 14

What is the name for the functional kidney?

Answer 14

mesonephros

Question 15

Which part of the kidney contains tubules that are longer than the pronephric tubules, and are often sigmoid or convoluted in shape?

Answer 15

mesonephric

Question 16

How many pairs of mesonephric tubules are there in the human embryo kidney?

Answer 16

70

Question 17

What enclose capillary aggregations called glomeruli?

Answer 17

renal corpuscles

Question 18

Because the mesonephric glomeruli are enclosed within the renal corpuscles, the vascular filtrate bypasses the coelom and goes directly to where?

Answer 18

nephron

Question 19

What is another name for the mesonephric ducts?

Answer 19

Wolffian ducts

Question 20

When the mesonephric tubules begin to function, what degenerates?

Answer 20

the pronephric tubules

Question 21

The development of the mesonephric tubules is dependent on what?

Answer 21

pronephric duct

Question 22

What regulates the transformation of the intermediate mesodermal mesenchyme to epithelium?

Answer 22

WT-1

Question 23

Just before it attaches tot he cloaca, the mesonephric duct develops an evagination called the ureteric bud. The ureteric bud initiates a series of inductive interactions that will results in what?

Answer 23

the formation of the final kidney, the metanephric kidney

Question 24

What does the metanephric diverticulum or ureteric bud give rise to?

Answer 24

the adult ureter, renal pelvis and collecting tubules.

Question 25

As the metanephric diverticula expand, they induce the surrounding mesenchyme to condense into the metanephrogenic blastemata. These blastemata will form what?

Answer 25

renal tubules of the adult kidney

Question 26

What kind of inductive effect on the ureteric diverticula does the metanephrogenic blastemata have? What is the result?

Answer 26

reverse inductive effects; neither one can continue to develop int he absence of the other. The metanephric tubules will not form in the absence of the mesonephric duct.

Question 27

As the kidney forms, it moves upward and is stopped by what structure?

Answer 27

diaphragm

Question 28

What protein makes the ureter epithelium impermeable to water?

Answer 28

uroplakins

Question 29

Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor from metanephrogenic mesenchyme causes what in the tip of the ureteric buds?

Answer 29

1. produce FGF2 and leukemia inhibitory factor

2. induce surrounding metanephrogenic mesenchyme to form epithelial precursors of renal tubules.

Question 30

In the transformation of renal mesenchyme into renal epithelium, e-cadherins seal the lateral border of the cells, which allows what border to differentiate?

Answer 30

apical border is allowed to differentiate, this can be seen by the formation of the brush border.