T4 biology test

Question 1

what are the roles of nervous control?

Answer 1

Control and co-ordinate the functioning of the body & Receive information from sensory neuron, process information by the brain and spinal cord and respond by an effector (muscle/gland)

Question 2

what are the roles of the central nervous system?

Answer 2

Control center of the body that processes incoming messages from the environment.

Question 3

what are the two parts of the central nervous system?

Answer 3

spinal cord & brain

Question 4

what are the roles of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 4

Carries information to and from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

Question 5

what does the somatic nervous system control?

Answer 5

voluntary skeletal movements

Question 6

what does the atomic nervous system control?

Answer 6

involuntary actions, which occur without conscious control:

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

Question 7

what is a reflex arc?

Answer 7

An involuntary and instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.

Question 8

what do the sensory neurons do?

Answer 8

carry messages from receptor to spinal cord

Question 9

what do the interneurons do?

Answer 9

sends two messages, one to the brain and one to the muscles via a motor neuron

Question 10

what are the 4 lobes of the brain?

Answer 10

frontal lobe, occipital lobe, peripheral lobe & temporal lobe

Question 11

what are the parts of the brain?

Answer 11

cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, mid brain & thalamus

Question 12

what is the cerebellum responsible for?

Answer 12

movement, balance & coordination

Question 13

what is the cerebrum responsible for?

Answer 13

Associated with higher thinking orders (divided into 4 lobes)

Question 14

what is the brain stem responsible for?

Answer 14

connects brain to spinal cord and contains the medulla oblongata

Question 15

what is the mid brain responsible for?

Answer 15

contains areas that receive and process sensory information, such as a movement and vision

Question 16

what is the thalamus responsible for?

Answer 16

processes and carries messages for sensory information to the cortex

Question 17

what are the roles of neurons?

Answer 17

Basic unit of the nervous system. A cell that carries electrical impulses

Question 18

what do dendrites do?

Answer 18

Receive stimuli

Question 19

what does the brainstem do?

Answer 19

connects brain to spinal cord and contains the medulla oblongata

Question 20

what does the medulla oblongata do?

Answer 20

controls automatic functions such as breathing and digestion

Question 21

what do the pons do?

Answer 21

assists in automatic functions such as breathing, sleep and arousal

Question 22

what does the nerve cell body do?

Answer 22

At nucleus transmits the stimuli

Question 23

what do the axon do?

Answer 23

Transmits the impulse to another dendrite

Question 24

what does the myelin sheath do?

Answer 24

Fatty, insulating layer, allows nerve impulses to travel faster

Question 25

what does the axon terminal do?

Answer 25

Found at the end of neuron, release chemicals which carry the message to the next neuron

Question 26

what does the cell body do?

Answer 26

The main part of a cell that contains the nucleus/genetic material

Question 27

what does the synapse do?

Answer 27

The small gap between two neurons that must be crossed by neurotransmitters (chemical messengers)

Question 28

what do motor neurons do?

Answer 28

Carry messages from CNS to muscle cells in the body

Question 29

what is the role of the endocrine system?

Answer 29

A system of glands which secrete different types of hormones directly into the bloodstream or surrounding tissues

Question 30

what are hormones?

Answer 30

chemical messages which travel through the bloodstream They communicate with the body by heading toward the target cell to bring about a change or effect to the cell. Works together with the nervous system and immune system to help the body cope with stress and changes

Question 31

what are the 6 parts of the endocrine system?

Answer 31

- Hypothalamus - Pituitary Gland - Thyroid Gland - Pancreas - Ovaries - Testes

Question 32

what is the function of the pituitary gland?

Answer 32

Controls other glands and body growth. “Master gland”

Question 33

what is the location of the pituitary gland?

Answer 33

Base of the brain, below the hypothalamus

Question 34

what is the function of the thyroid gland?

Answer 34

Controls the rate that food is turned into energy. “Metabolism”

Question 35

what is the location of the thyroid gland?

Answer 35

In front of the neck below the larynx

Question 36

what is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 36

Controls the body’s use of glucose

Question 37

what is the location of the pacreas?

Answer 37

Just below the kidneys near the stomach

Question 38

in the pancreas what are the hormones/target organ/ /main effects?

Answer 38

hormones: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) & Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) target organ/cells: Thyroid Gland Nephrons - Kidney main effects:

Question 39

in the pancreas what are the hormones/target organ/ /main effects?

Answer 39

hormone: insulin target organ/cells: most cells main effects: Stimulates uptake of glucose; lowers blood glucose level

Question 40

what are the receptors in the ear?

Answer 40

Mechanoreceptors

Question 41

what are the receptors in the eyes?

Answer 41

Photoreceptors

Question 42

what are the receptors in the nose and tongue?

Answer 42

Chemoreceptors

Question 43

what are the receptors in the skin?

Answer 43

Thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors & pain receptors