T4 L15: Respiratory pharmacology

Question 1

Salbutamol, Salmeterol, Formoterol, and Vilanterol are types of what drug?

Answer 1

Beta-2 agonist (bronchodilators)

Question 2

What type of drugs are Tiotropium, Aclidinium, Glycopyrronium, and Umeclidinium?

Answer 2

Long acting anti muscarinics (LAMA)

Question 3

What type of drug is Ipratropium?

Answer 3

A short acting anti muscarinic (SAMA)

Question 4

What type of drug is Predisolone?

Answer 4

An oral (systemic) anti-inflammatory steroid, a glucocorticoid

Question 5

What type of drug is Beclomethasone?

Answer 5

An inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) used as an anti-inflammatory

Question 6

What type of drug is Montelukast?

Answer 6

A leukotriene receptor antagonist

Question 7

What are pressured metered dose inhalers (pMDI’s)?

Answer 7

Deep exhale, inhale and then hold breath inhalers

Question 8

How does Salbutamol work?

Answer 8

It binds to beta-2 receptors in the lungs and causes relaxation

Question 9

What is Salbutamol used to treat?

Answer 9

Asthma and COPD

Question 10

How long does Salbutamol work for?

Answer 10

Immediately and then lasts 3-5 hours (SAMA)

Question 11

How long does Salmeterol work for?

Answer 11

Works after 2-30 min and then lasts 10-12 hours (LAMA)

Question 12

How long does Formoterol work for?

Answer 12

Immediately and then lasts 10-12 hours (LAMA). Similar to Salbutamol

Question 13

How long does Tiotropium work for?

Answer 13

24 hours

Question 14

What is the therapeutic effect behind Triotrpium?

Answer 14

It inhibits M3 receptors and causes bronchodilation

Question 15

How long does Ipratropium work for?

Answer 15

Onset is 30min and then lasts for 6 hours. It’s nebulised for acute presentation of COPD

Question 16

How long does Theophylline work for?

Answer 16

Half life of 5 hours

Question 17

What is Theophylline used for?

Answer 17

Persistent asthma and COPD. It’s a phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Question 18

Beclomethasone, Fluticasone, and budesonide are types of which drug class?

Answer 18

Inhaled glucocorticoids

Question 19

How do glucocorticoids work?

Answer 19

They decrease release of inflammatory mediators, decrease airway oedema, decrease music production, increase beta-1 sensitivity and number

Question 20

What are some adverse effects of glucocorticoids?

Answer 20

Adrenal suppression, bone loss, diabetes, hypertension, increase risk of cataracts and glaucoma

Question 21

What are ICS combined with?

Answer 21

LABA or LAMA

Question 22

What are LAMA coupled with?

Answer 22

LABA

Question 23

What does the drug Doxycycline (a Tetracycline) used for?

Answer 23

An antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis used for gram positive and negative bacteria. Its useful for atypical infections

Question 24

What are the side effects of Doxycycline (a Tetracycline)?

Answer 24

GI upset, teeth staining, lupus, allergy, photosensitivity

Question 25

What are Quinolone drugs like Ciprofloxacin, Levoflaxacin, and Moxifloxacin used for?

Answer 25

Treating gram negative and positive bacterial infections

Question 26

What are Macrolide drugs like Erythromycin and Clarithromycin used for?

Answer 26

Commonly used for respiratory infection including atypical pneumonia. It inhibits protein synthesis

Question 27

What are the side effects of Macrolide drugs?

Answer 27

GI upset, allergy, liver abnormality