T5: Animal medications and the vet nurses responsibility Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are antibiotics?
drugs used to treat bacterial infections
What are anti-inflammatories?
drugs used to suppress the symptoms of inflammation and allergies, including swelling, fever and local pain
What are anthelmintics?
anti-parasite drugs used to kill internal parasites (helminths = worms)
What is external parasite control?
drugs and chemicals used to control parasitic organisms such as fleas, ticks and mites
What are analgesics?
pain killers
What are disinfectants and antiseptics?
chemicals used to prevent the spread of infection
Name two endocrine or metabolic drugs
thyroxine
insulin
Name two common types of drugs used during/before surgery
sedatives & anaesthetic drugs
Body system: Integument
Organs?
Drug action?
Skin
To treat diseases of the skin
Body system: Respiratory system
Organs?
Drug action?
Airways (nostrils, pharynx, trachea, bronchi) and Lungs
To improve breathing and treat diseases of these organs
Body system: Cardiovascular system
Organs?
Drug action?
Heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries)
To improve blood flow, heart function and control blood pressure
Body system: Digestive system
Organs?
Drug action?
Oesophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, pancreas and liver
To act upon symptoms such as Inappetence (not eating), vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, as well as to treat specific organ diseases
Body system: Reproductive system
Organs?
Drug action?
Female
Ovaries, uterus, cervix & vagina
To treat diseases of these organs, and to regulate reproduction through hormone control; also to aid in pregnancy & parturition (birth)
Male
Testes, spermatic cord, prostate (in some species) and penis
To aid in the function and treatment of specific organ disease
Body system: Endocrine system
Organs?
Drug action?
Organs and glands that produce hormones including the reproductive organs, pituatory & hypothalamus glands, adrenal glands, pancreas (insulin) and thyroid
To regulate hormone levels and treat diseases of the endocrine system & organs, eg diabetes
Body system: Immune system
Organs?
Drug action?
Red and white blood cells arising from the bone marrow; also other infection fighting & inflammatory cells of the lymph nodes, liver & spleen
To improve the immune function and treat diseases of the immune system
What are two actions of a drug?
LOCAL OR SYSTEMIC
What are the various ways a drug may be absorbed into the blood stream?
- by directly being injected into a blood vessel
- by being absorbed through the skin (topical application)
- through the lining of the gut (oral administration)
- being absorbed from the tissues of the body (subcutaneous or intramuscular injection) into blood capillaries and into the circulation.
How do you calculate a drug dose?
weight of animal x dose rate
/
concentration
What do the following prefixes mean?
SID
BID
TID
QID
EOD/QOD
NPO
ad lib
q2
qh
qd
Prefix Meaning
SID Once daily
BID Twice daily
TID Three times daily
QID For times daily
EOD/QOD Every other day (every second day)
NPO Nil Per Os (not orally)
ad lib as desired
q2 q=every 2=hours between dose i.e. every 2 hours
qh q=every, h=hour i.e. every hour
qd d=day i.e. every day
What is the purpose of a loading dose?
allows the drug concentration to reach higher levels, quite quickly in the circulation or wherever it is required, so that it can carry out its specific function (reach therapeutic levels)
Use of a drug for other purposes than what it is designed or registered for is called?
off-label use
What information may a drug label include?
- dose rate
- dose interval
- species use
- age range
- safety info
- contraindications
- side effects
- route and method of admin
- concentration of drug
*
List some common toxicities seen in practice
chocolate
rodenticides
NSAIDS (aspirin, ibruprofen, panadol)
pesticides
Some OHS considerations when administering meds?
MSDS provides good info
may need to wear gloves
bite/scratch/kick from animal
sharps
zoonotic disease