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Physics > T5 - Forces > Flashcards

T5 - Forces Flashcards

1
Q

Feature of scalar quantities?

A

only have magnitude

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2
Q

Feature of vector quantities?

A

have magnitude and direction

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3
Q

What does length of arrow show in forces?

A

magnitude

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4
Q

what does direction of arrow show?

A

direction of vector quantity

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5
Q

what is a force?

A

a push or pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object.

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6
Q

What is a contact force?

A

when the objects are physically touching

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7
Q

What is a non-contact force?

A

when the objects are physically separated.

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8
Q

equation for weight?

A

weight(N)= mass(kg)× gravitationalfieldstrength (N/kg)

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9
Q

What is weight?

A

the force acting on an object due to gravity

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10
Q

Correlation between mass and weight of an object?

A

directly proportional

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11
Q

What is weight measured with?

A

Newtonmeter

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12
Q

What is the centre of mass?

A

The weight of an object at a single point

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13
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

a single force that has the same effect as all the original forces acting together

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14
Q

Equation for work done?

A

Work done(J) = Force(N) x Distance(m)

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15
Q

What is elastic deformation?

A

when elastic material returns to original shape when force is removed

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16
Q

What must happen to change shape of an object?

A

more than 1 force applied

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17
Q

What is inelastic deformation?

A

when inelastic materials do not return to original shape when force is removed

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18
Q

equation for force in elasticity?

A

force(N)= spring constant(N/m) × extension or compression(M)

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19
Q

What is the moment of a force?

A

turning effect of a force

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20
Q

equation for moment?

A

moment(Nm) = force(N) × distance(m)

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21
Q

What distance should be used for measuring moments?

A

perpendicular distance

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22
Q

What is a fluid?

A

a gas or liquid

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23
Q

What does the pressure in fluids to any surface?

A

a force at right angles to any surface.

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24
Q

Equation for pressure?

A

pressure(Pa) = right angle force of surface(N) / area of that surface(M^2)

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25
Q

What happens to density of atmosphere when altitude increases?

A

density decreases

26
Q

Equation for column of liquid?

A

pressure(Pa) = height of the column(m) × density of the liquid(Kg/m^3) × gravitational field strength(N/kg)

27
Q

Why does pressure of liquid increases with depth?

A

greater weight of liquid acting downwards

28
Q

Why does pressure increase with density?

A

greater weight of liquid acting downwards

29
Q

Why does the bottom of an object experience more pressure than the top in a liquid?

A

bottom is at a greater depth

30
Q

What must happen for an object to float?

A

upthrust equals weight of object

31
Q

What must happen for an object to sink?

A

upthrust less than weight of object

32
Q

equation for speed?

A

speed = distance / time

33
Q

What is the normal walking speed?

A

1.5 m/s

34
Q

what is the running speed?

A

3 m/s

35
Q

what is the cycling speed?

A

6 m/s

36
Q

Factors that affect walking, running and cycling speed? x4

A

-age
-terrain
-fitness
-distance

37
Q

What is speed of sound in air?

A

330 m/s

38
Q

What happens to velocity when an object is moving around a circle in a constant speed?

A

velocity changes

39
Q

equations for acceleration? x2

A

acceleration(m/s^2) = change in velocity(m/s) / time taken(s)

final velocity^2 − initial velocity^2 = 2 × acceleration × distance

40
Q

How to find distance traveled in a velocity time graph?

A

area under graph

41
Q

what is the acceleration of a free falling object under gravity near earths surface?

A

9.8 m/s^2

42
Q

what eventually happens to an object falling through a fluid?

A

-resltant force goes to 0
-reaches terminal velocity

43
Q

What is newtons first law of motion for a stationary object?

A

If the resultant force acting on an stationary object is 0, then the object remains stationary

44
Q

What is newtons first law of motion for a moving object?

A

If the resultant force acting on a moving object is 0, then the object will continue moving in the same direction at the same speed

45
Q

What is newtons second law of motion?

A

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

46
Q

Equation for resultant force?

A

resultant force(N) = mass(kg) × acceleration(m/s^2)

47
Q

How fast does a car travel on main road?

A

13 m/s

48
Q

How fast does a car travel on motor way?

A

30 m/s

49
Q

what is the acceleration required for a car on main road to go onto motor way?

A

2 m/s^2

50
Q

what is the force required for a car on main road to go onto motor way?

A

2000N

51
Q

What is inertia?

A

The tendency of objects to stay still or keep same motion

52
Q

What is inertial mass?

A

a measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object

53
Q

What is newtons third law of motion?

A

Whenever two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite.

54
Q

What is the stopping distance of a vehicle?

A

sum of thinking distance and braking distance

55
Q

Typical value range for reaction time?

A

0.2s-0.9s

56
Q

Factors that affect thinking distance? x4

A

-tiredness
-drugs
-alcohol
-distractions

57
Q

Factors that affect braking distance? x3

A

-wet and icy conditions
-worn tires
-worn brakes

58
Q

what does large deceleration in vehicle lead to? x2

A

-brakes overheating
-loss of control

59
Q

Equation for momentum?

A

momentum(kg m/s) = mass(kg) × velocity(m/s)

60
Q

What is conservation of momentum?

A

In a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to total momentum after the event.

61
Q

safety features for momentum? x5

A

-seat belt
-air bag
-bike helmet
-crash mat
-cushioned surface in playground

62
Q
A

Physics (6 decks)

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