T8 - L1 introduction to haematology Flashcards
(23 cards)
what is Haemopoiesis?
physiological developmental process that gives rise to the cellular components of blood
what is the result of asymmetric self-renewal of a haemopoietic stem cell?
Maintain stem cell pool – generation of differentiated progeny
what is the result of symmetric self-renewal of a haemopoietic stem cell?
Increase stem cell pool – NO generation of differentiated progeny
what is the result of lack of self-renewal of a haemopoietic stem cell?
Deplete stem cell pool – generation of ONLY differentiated progeny or Maintain stem cell pool – NO differentiated progeny
what are features of a Haemopoietic Stem Cell?
- self-renewal - High proliferative potential - Differentiation potential for all lineages - Long term activity throughout the lifespan of the individual
what are the two Haemopoietic Lineages a Haemopoietic Stem Cell could take?
myeloid e.g. - granulocytes - erythrocytes - platelets lymphoid e.g. - B-lymphocytes - T-lymphocytes
what are the functions of blood cells?
- Oxygen transport - Coagulation (haemostasis) - Immune response to infection - Immune response to abnormal cells (senescent, malignant etc)
what are features of erythrocytes?
- Bi-concave discs, 7.5 µM diameter - Lifespan 120 days in blood - Contain Haemoglobin - 333,200 x 106 red cells
what condition arises as a result of reduced red cells?
anaemia
what condition arises as a result of raised red cells?
polycythaemia
what is Relative polycythaemia?
when plasma volume is reduced NOT an increase in RBC
what are features of leukocytes?
(WBC) function: immunity - granulocytes - monocytes - lymphocytes
what are features of neutrophils?
- Phagocytes - Most common white cell in adult blood - Live for only a few hours in blood
what condition arises as a result of raised neutrophils?
neutrophilia
what condition arises as a result of decreased neutrophils?
neutropenia
what are features of monocytes?
Phagocytic & antigen-presenting cells Migrate to tissues & are then identified as “macrophages” or “histiocytes”
what is monocytosis?
increased monocytes e.g. occurs in tuberculosis
what is lymphocytosis?
increased lymphocytes
what is lymphopenia?
decreased lymphocytes e.g. post bone marrow transplant
what is plasmacytosis?
increased B-lymphocytes e.g. infection, myeloma
where do platelets derive from?
from bone marrow megakaryocytes
what is a full blood count made up of?
Haemoglobin concentration Red cell parameters: MCV (mean cell volume) MCH (mean cell Hb) White Cell Count (WCC) Platelet Count
where would you perform a bone marrow aspirate?
posterior iliac crest of the pelvis
