T8: Management of Trauma and Medical Emergencies Flashcards
(66 cards)
Level 1 Trauma Center
*Provides comprehensive trauma care
*Regional resource center that provides leadership in education, research, and systems planning
*Providers immediately available, including trauma surgeon, anesthesiologist, physician specialists, and nurses
Level 2 Trauma Center
*Provides comprehensive trauma care as a supplement to a Level I center
*Meets the same provider expectations for care as a Level I center
*Is not required to participate in education and research
Level 3 Trauma Center
*Provides prompt, immediate emergency care and stabilization of patient with transfer to a higher level of care
* Serves a community that does not have immediate access to a Level I or II center
Level 4 Trauma Center
*Provides advanced trauma life support prior to transfer
*Primary goal is to resuscitate and stabilize the patient and arrange for immediate transfer to a higher level of care
Primary prevention
prevent the event (ex: driving safety classes, speed limits, campaigns not to drink and drive)
secondary prevention
minimize the impact of the traumatic event (ex: seat belt, airbags, car sears, helmets)
Tertiary prevention
maximize patient outcomes after a traumatic event through emergency response systems, medical care, and rehabilitation
Trauma team
similar to a code team; preassigned team response for trauma patients that include every specialty
triage
means sorting the patients to determine which patients need specialized care for actual or potential injuries
HINT HINT: primary survey
-identify life threatening conditions
-FOCUS ON ABCs, DISABILITY, EXPOSURE, facilitates the benefits of allowing family to be present when caring for a family member
-appropriate interventions started
HINT HINT: secondary survey
-begins addressing each step of primary survey
-a brief systematic process identifies all injuries
-start life saving interventions
why is famaily helpful in primary survey
family can help tell what happened if the patient cannot
HINT HINT: glasgow coma scale
eyes, verbal, motor
Max- 15 pts, below 8= coma
If uncontrolled external hemorrhage is noted
*the usual ABC assessment format may be reprioritized to <C>ABC for hemorrhage control.
-The <C> stands for catastrophic hemorrhage and, if present, needs to be controlled first</C></C>
intervention for hemorrhage
Apply direct pressure with a sterile dressing followed by a pressure dressing to any obvious bleeding sites
mnemonic to determine level of consciousness
AVPU: A = alert, V = responsive to voice, P = responsive to pain, and U = unresponsive.
Primary Survey (ABCDEFGHI
A-AIRWAY/CERVICAL
SPINE
B-BREATHING
C-CIRCULATION
D-DISABILITY-(LOC,
Glasgow Coma
Scale)
E-EXPOSURE-
(Clothes off)
F-FACILITATE/
FAMILY-(Vital signs,
family to stay)
G - GET RESUSCITATION ADJUNCTS
Secondary Survey (HI)
H-HISTORY/
HEAD TO TOE
ASSESSMENT
I-INSPECT
POSTERIOR
SURFACES
heat exhaustion s/s
-<105
-dizziness, weakness, fatigue
-headache
–moist/sweaty skin
-dry tongue, thirst
-low BP, high HR
-confusion
causes of heat exhaustion
-decreased fluid intake
-increased heat exposure
-increased activity -prolonged/excessive sweating, dehydration
heat stroke vs heat exhaustion
heat exhaustion <105, poor fluid intake,
heat stroke: >105; hypotension
heat stroke s/s
-hot, dry, flushed skin
–kin may be moist or wet at first, but then IMPAIRED SWEATING
->105
–AMS
–may become unresponsive very quickly
-increase HR & RR
-hypotension
-cerebral edema (seizure, delirum, coma)
main goal of heat related injury
get fluids and cool them down
what fluids are given in heat related injuries
normal saline (IV)
