TA Review 1

Question 1

Mandible attaches to this bone to allow for flexion, extension, translation of the jaw.

a) Frontal
b) Greater wing of sphenoid bone
c) Occipital
d) Parietal
e) Temporal

Answer 1

e) Temporal

Question 2

Where is the adam’s apple?

a) C2
b) C2/C3
c) C3
d) C4/C5
e) C6

Answer 2

d) C4/C5 - thyroid cartilage

Question 3

These are at what vertebral level?

Angle of mandible

Cricoid cartilage

Hyoid bone

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 3

C2 – Angle of mandible

C3 – Hyoid bone

C4/C5 – Thyroid cartilage

C6 – Cricoid cartilage

Question 4

The arteries which supply the superior portions of the three spinal arteries pass through these spaces in the cervical vertebrae.

Answer 4

A: Transverse foramina – vertebral a.

**Vertebral a. also passes through foramen magnum

Question 5

Which ligament prevents excessive rotation? Anterior displacement of atlas on rest of cervical vertebrae?

Alar ligament

Transverse ligament

Nuchal ligament

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 5

Alar ligaments preevnt excessive rotation

Transverse ligament prevents anterior displacement of atlas on axis

Question 6

Infection can pass to the posterior mediastinum through this open space around which fascia?

a) Retropharyngeal space
b) Danger space
c) Pretracheal space

Answer 6

b) Danger space - between alar fascia and anterior aspect of vertebrae

Question 7

Between the alar fascia and the visceral fascia lies the…

a) Retropharyngeal space
b) Danger space
c) Pretracheal space

Answer 7

a) Retropharyngeal space

Question 8

In the anatomy lab, you had to remove one layer of fascia in order to access the platysma m. Under this muscle is more fibrous tissue, which is called what?

Answer 8

Investing fascia

Question 9

What landmark separates/can be used to ID external vs. internal jugular vein?

Answer 9

SCM (external jugular vein is anterior to the SCM)

Question 10

Which two fascia form the superficial and deep boundaries of the posterior neck triangle.

a) Superficial fascia
b) Investing fascia
c) Prevertebral fascia
d) Alar fascia
e) Visceral fascia

Answer 10

b) Investing fascia – roof
c) Prevertebral fascia – floor

Question 11

Can you think of a way to remember/associate Trapezius with the SCM?

Answer 11

Spinal accessory nerve – CN XI supply both, runs DEEP to these muscles

Question 12

To anesthetize the cervical plexus, what landmark would you use to guide you?

Answer 12

A: Nerve point of the neck.

Cervical plexus appear from behind the SCM within the posterior triangle.

Question 13

Which nerve from the cervical plexus (C1-C4) runs with the external jugular vein?

a) Great auricular n.
b) Lesser occipital n.
c) Transverse cervical n.
d) Branches of supraclavicular n.

Answer 13

a) Great auricular nerve - lower ear

Question 14

What are the components of cervical plexus with motor functions?

Answer 14

Phrenic n, Ansa cervicalis

Question 15

Phrenic n. can refer pain to the shoulder via these cervical nerves.

a) Great auricular n.
b) Lesser occipital n.
c) Transverse cervical n.
d) Branches of supraclavicular n.

Answer 15

d) Branches of the supraclavicular nerve

Question 16

How can you test the sensory component of C1 in the head and neck region?

Answer 16

You can’t, there is no C1 dermatome

Question 17

Brachial plexus passes between these muscles near the root of the neck.

Answer 17

Anterior and middle scalenes

Question 18

Name these axial planes

Answer 18

C1 = occlusal plane

C2 = angle of mandible

C3 = hyoid bone

C4/5 = hyoid cartilage

C6 = cricoid cartilage

Question 19

Answer 19

Vagus nerve is in between these, carotid sheath covers them

Question 20

Which boundary is shared by the posterior and anterior triangles of the neck?

Answer 20

SCM

Question 21

What other muscle (other than suprahyoid muscles) is supplied by the cervical branch of the facial nerve?

Answer 21

Platysma muscle

Question 22

What innervates the geniohyoid muscle? Which other muscle receives innervation from this nerve?

Answer 22

C1 ventral primary rami via hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

Same with the thyrohyoid

Question 23

Trigeminal n. (CN V)

V-1 = Oplthalmic n. => what opening?

V-2 = Maxillary n. => what opening?

V-3 = Mandibular n. => what opening?

Facial n. (CN VII) => what opening?

Answer 23

V1 –> superior orbital fissure

V2 –> foramen rotundum to the pterygopalatine fossa

V3 –> foramen ovale to the infratemporal fossa

Facial (CN VII) –> stylomastoid foramen

Question 24

Which of the following muscles below the hyoid bone does not directly depress the hyoid?

a) Mylohyoid
b) Digastric
c) Stylohyoid
d) Thyrohyoid
e) Sternohyoid
f) Sternothyroid
g) Omohyoid

Answer 24

f) Sternothyroid

Question 25

How can you distinguish between superficial and deep infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 25

Deep ones attach near thyroid cartilage => “thyro” in name. Superficial ones lies over thyroid cartilage/deep muscles.

Superficial = omohyoid, sternohyoid

Deep = thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 26

The ansa cervicalis of the cervical plexus supplies all of the infrahyoids except…

a) Thyrohyoid
b) Sternohyoid
c) Sternothyroid
d) Omohyoid

Answer 26

a) thyrohyoid (its innervated by C1 via hypoglossal)

Question 27

Middle meningeal a. supplies the dura mater and arises from where?

a) Internal carotid a.
b) External carotid a.

Answer 27

b) External carotid a. –> maxillary a. –> middle meningeal a.

Question 28

Circle of Willis is supplied by the union of which arteries? Which spaces do these arteries pass through?

Answer 28

Vertebral a. (foramen magnum)

Internal carotid a. (carotid canal)