Tableting Flashcards

Question

Types of coating

Answer 1

Sugar coating Film coating press coating

Answer 2

tablet core sealed with a water insoluble base coat. (e.g. shellac).- cellulose acetate phthalate Successive layers of filler (eg talc) are bound by sucrose/gum solution.: Bulking agent Then smoothed by adding several applications of sucrose solution.- smooth surface which colourants may be added to Finally, polished with a (Bees) wax solution.

Answer 3

Multistage (time consuming). Difficult to automate. Not able to use for controlled release. Weight of coating leads to 30 – 50 % increase. Indented logos not feasible as coating is thick

Answer 4

Appearance – rounded, highly polished tablets produced.

Answer 5

Sprayed by polymer solution such as HPMC. Include plasticizer which make coating more flexible Colouring agents may be added Solvent is normal organic but water is prevered when feasible

Answer 6

``` Little increase in tablet size (2-3% by weight) Can be automated (e.g. Accela Cota) Single Stage Process Can be used for controlled release Indented logos can be used. ```

Answer 7

Environmental – extraction of organics into atmosphere. Safety – explosion / fire / & toxic hazards (expensive to deal with) Solvent residues must be investigated.

Answer 8

Based on compaction of coating around pre-formed core. Mainly used to separate incompatible materials (one in layer, one in core). Requires relatively complex, specialist equipment. Little used today as it is relatively expensive

Answer 9

Enteric coating Controlled release

Answer 10

Insoluble at low pH so not attacked in the stomach. harp increase in solubility at higher pH e.g. 5.2 for cellulose acetate phthalate coating

Answer 11

Cellulose acetate phthalate | Polyvinyl acetate phthalate and acrylic derivatives.

Answer 12

Stops the potential damaging of the stomach lining

Answer 13

polymers with restricted water solubility or permeability.

Answer 14

>Diffusion control. Rate of release controlled by rate of diffusion of drug through the coating >Erosion. Coatings designed to ‘erode’ gradually. >Osmosis. Osmotic pressure used to control release of drug.

Answer 15

They are drugs enclosed in a water soluble shell made of gelatin

Answer 16

Non toxic Soluble at body temperature Has good film forming properties Changes from a gel to sol at temperatures just above room temperature.

Answer 17

hydrolysis of collagen. - Gelatin A is formed by acid hydrolysis of collagen. - Gelatin B is formed by basic hydrolysis.

Answer 18

Comprises a two piece shell (body and cap) which lock together. Drug must not react with gelatin (no aldehydes or water)

Answer 19

``` 0= 0.67 1= 0.48 2= 0.37 3= 0.28 4= 0.20 ```

Answer 20

Powders, granules, pellets, tablets, paste, thixotropic, thermosofterning material Low viscosity, non aqueous liquids have been used as fills, but the cap and body have then to be sealed to prevent leakage.

Answer 21

Must be of a certain volume to allow an accurate fill (may need a diluent). Must flow (not as critical as for tableting). Must not adhere to filling equipment. Must allow drug release

Answer 22

dipping rows of steel pins into a heated solution containing around 30% gelatin and the required colouring agent and then removing the pins and allowing the gelatin film to set and dry.

Answer 23

The two halves of the capsule are separated. An exact dose is placed into the smaller half (the body) The cap is then locked onto the smaller half (the capsule is designed so that the cap and body lock together and do not easily pull apart). The filled capsule is removed from the machine.

Answer 24

Consists of a solid flexible shell surrounding a liquid or semi-solid fill. Permit liquids to be presented as solid dosage forms. Low inter-capsule variation. Drug is protected from water and oxygen. Shell comprises gelatin, plasticiser (usually glycerol, sorbital or propylene glycol), water, preservatives, dyes.

Answer 25

Normally filled with 0.1 to 0.8 mL of non-aqueous liquid Liquid can be hydrophilic (e.g. polyols, surfactants) or lipophilic (i.e. mineral or natural oils e.g. cod liver oil). Hydrophilic oils can allow rapid attainment of therapeutic drug levels (e.g. with temazepam).

Answer 26

- Migration of fill material through the capsule shell (sweating) - Migration of shell contents the other way, possibly causing instability - Both soft and hard capsules are unstable for drugs that are unstable in the presence of moisture. Moisture in atmosphere may cause shell to soften and break. Dry conditions may cause cracking.

Answer 27

``` Company policy Market Research Competitor products Production Preferences Equipment available Production Costs Required unit dose Dissolution Rate Compression characteristics Particle size Stability ```

Answer 28

- Normally intended to stay in mouth 10-15 minutes - Often release an antibacterial or anaesthetic (local effect) - Contain no disintegrant. -Diluent selected to ensure smooth texture and pleasant taste. >Sugars (e.g. sucrose/glucose) often used

Answer 29

- Designed to be broken down rapidly in the buccal cavity by action of teeth. - Mannitol often used for a cooling taste. - Flavouring agent is also frequently used. - No disintegrant. - No need for all ingredients to be water soluble

Answer 30

Must disintegrate rapidly in cold water to produce a\ suspension for ingestion. Disintegrant effective in water is paramount.

Answer 31

- Effervesence gives rapid disintegration - Wet granulation cannot be used. - Sucrose is hygroscopic therefore often used as sweetener and to increase stability. - ‘Standard’ lubricants cannot normally be used. Magnesium stearate slows access of water and leaves a scum on surface of water. Sodium lauryl sulphate often used.

Answer 32

- Adsorbed through mucosa and passed to jugular vein; hence bypassing GI tract and liver. - Tablets should not disintegrate. - Rapid dissolution is required. - Avoid unpleasant tastes.