Tablets Flashcards
(37 cards)
Definition of pills and tablets?
-Pills: Small, round, solid dosage forms for oral administration, a generic term for tablets and capsules, but pharmaceutically incorrect
-Tablets: solid drug delivery system containing a medicinal substance made by compression or molding
-Compressed tablets are manufactured, molded can be manufactured or compounded
How long does it take to release the drug in compressed tablets?
designed to release the drug immediately (rapidly) after ingestion, within 15-30 minutes
Why are tablets sometimes multiple compressed?
-multiple drugs that are physically not compatible (compress Granulate 1 than Granulate 2)
-1 layer with IR drug and 1 layer with delayed release
What are compressed-coated tablets?
-Tablet within a tablet -> core tablet coated with another tablet
-the coat may be another drug or the coat can delay the release of the drug
-> so the patient does not need to take multiple tablets
What are CAPLETs?
Capsule-shaped tablets, film or gelatin-coated for easy swallowing
Difference between Brand name and Generics?
-No difference in active drug, strength, and dosage
-Insurance: Generics are usually covered, for Brand, covered when there is no generic form
-Price: The brand is more expensive
-Inactive ingredients: may differ but both are approved by FDA
WHENEVER it’s GENERIC it may show: Compare to..
What are the different localization of administration for compressed tablets?
-Buccal: often flat and oval to stick in the cheek or buccal pouch
erode slowly, used for local effect (some may go into the system), fungi, or delivering anesthetics
-Lozenges: effect on the oral cavity, they do not erode but slowly dissolve like candy, also include systemic absorption through the cheek or bc of added liquids
-Sublingual: under the tongue, e.g. nitroglycerin
-chewable tablets: rapidly dissolved after chewing, larger doses for children and adults with difficulties with swallowing
-fast dissolving: have superdistntergrant
-Effervescent: contain granular effervescent salts (citric acid and base) that produce gas (carbon dioxide takes care of acidity)
Why does sublingual dissolve quickly?
-under the tongue, dissolve rapidly (bc of super disintegrant)and avoids first-pass effect because absorption
e.g. nitroglycerin dissolves rapidly to prevent heart attack in the emergency
What is the benefit of Aspirin in an Effervescent form?
The emerging carbon dioxide pushes the aspirin faster (an thereby gets absorbed earlier) into the intestine bc ASPIRIN is gastro irritating and should not stay long in the stomach
What is the difference between IR and modified release tablets?
-IR: Release the drug in 15-30 minutes with peaks in concentration and quick drop
-modified release: Release the drug slower and steadier into
the bloodstream reaches pick and goes down slowly
What are molded tablets (tablet triturated)
-Soft and designed for rapid dissolution, cylindrical in shape
-Mostly diluent (lactose and sucrose) and a moistening
agent (alcohol and water
-Triturated with API -> make a paste -> Spread paste in mold, allow to dry and punch out with pegboard
Why are tables coated?
-Drug protection from oxygen, light, and moisture
-Taste masking (glycerin)
-easier to swallow
-easier to identify
What are the types of coating?
-Film coating (thin)
-Gelatin coating: makes it smooth to swallow easy
-Sugar coating
-Enteric coating/ delayed release
Properties of Film-coated tablets:
-Thin layer of a polymer (celluloses) and quickly rupture
-provide protection from the external environment or create a modified-release drug delivery system
Purpose and problem of sugar coating:
-Mostly for taste masking and it dissolves quickly, but the weight of the tablet increase by 50%
What are the benefits of enteric coated/delayed-release tablets?
-Bypass the stomach bc of pH that will degrade the drug + GI irritation -> the coating is resistant to the low pH
-delayed-release: dissolve in the small intestine where it gets absorbed
What are the process steps in manufacturing tablets?
API + excipient -> mix and form granules -> DRY -> Compress (apply pressure) -> Coating -> Packaging
What is direct compression?
Drugs with good flow and compression properties are mixed with direct compressible excipients - NO GRANULES
-it is fast bc direct, but it is costly bc compressible excipients are expensive
What is wet granulation?
Drugs and excipient mix are converted into granules with a liquid binder (starch) and passed through a sieve -> Lubricants (reduce friction) are added -> Compression
What is the purpose of dry granulation?
Drugs sensitive to water would degrade when adding a binder
-> make it in a dry form -NO BINDER,
-but compress it to form a big slug tablets -> break it and pass it through a sieve and compress it again
What are the manufacturing defects of Capping and Lamination?
-Capping: breaks into two layers
-Lamination: into multiple layers
Reason: not enough binder, not enough lubricant, too dry, puncher and die are worn out, too much pressure
What are the manufacturing defects of Picking and Sticking?
Picking: Stuck on punches (maybe bc of engraving of punch)
Sticking: adheres (stuck) on die (maybe cs of ejection issue)
Reason: too much binder, not dry enough, not enough lubricant
How does tablet coating work?
tablets are in a rotator, and the coating solution is spray on the tablet
What defects can occur in tablet coating?
-Blistering
-Chipping: a piece of the coated surface is chipped off, mostly on the edge
-Picking: sticking to punches or pan
-Orange peel effect: a rough surface that can be easily peeled off like an orange
-Mottling: uneven distribution of color
-Bridging: coating comes off where the monogram is imprinted
