Takeoff Flashcards
(54 cards)
What does TOGA stand for in aviation?
Maximum thrust certified for takeoff
TOGA stands for ‘Takeoff/Go Around’ thrust.
What is the maximum duration TOGA thrust can be used with all engines operative?
5 minutes
This limitation is to prevent engine overheating and ensure safety.
What is the maximum duration TOGA thrust can be used with one engine out?
10 minutes
This extended time allows for safe operation in case of engine failure.
Under what conditions must the flight crew use TOGA thrust for takeoff?
At least one of the following conditions applies:
- Maximum power is required
- Performance reasons
- Flexible takeoff and derated takeoff are not permitted
These conditions ensure that the aircraft can perform safely during critical phases of flight.
What is the goal of takeoff performance optimization?
To obtain the maximum performance limited takeoff weight (MTOW (perf)) and the optimum takeoff thrust for a given weight.
MTOW refers to the maximum weight at which an aircraft is allowed to take off.
What factors are considered in takeoff performance optimization?
Parameters that affect takeoff performance, including:
- Given runway
- Associated obstacles
- Flaps setting
- Prevailing outside conditions (temperature, wind, and QNH)
- Aircraft status
QNH is the atmospheric pressure at sea level.
What does the takeoff performance optimization process optimize?
Parameters for which there is a possible range of values or settings.
This includes adjusting flaps, thrust settings, and other operational parameters.
What application is used in the takeoff performance optimization process?
The takeoff performance (T.O PERF) application.
This application assists in calculating and optimizing takeoff performance based on various input parameters.
True or False: Takeoff performance optimization is only concerned with the aircraft’s weight.
False
It also considers runway conditions, obstacles, flaps settings, and environmental factors.
What are the takeoff performance parameters?
- The characteristics of the runway (declared lengths TORA, TODA, ASDA, elevation, slope, and obstacles)
- Regulatory requirements
- The line up distances as applicable
- Outside conditions (OAT, Wind, QNH, Runway condition)
- Aircraft configuration (Aerodynamic configuration, Air conditioning setting, Anti-ice selection, Thrust setting)
- Aircraft status (MEL and CDL)
- Takeoff speeds (V1/R/2)
What does TORA stand for?
Takeoff Run Available
What is the maximum tailwind limit during takeoff?
Limited to a certified value 10 or 15 kt depending or MSN and operations (e.g. automatic landing)
Is there a maximum certified value for headwind during takeoff?
No, but headwind higher than 40 kt results in no additional performance credit.
How is the computation for takeoff performance based on wind conditions?
150% of the entered tailwind and 50% of the entered headwind.
What maximum crosswind component is associated with each runway condition during takeoff?
A maximum crosswind component. Refer to RCAM.
What should the flight crew apply during the takeoff procedure with tailwind?
A different thrust setting technique.
What are the takeoff speeds?
V1, VR, V2.
What can be optimized during takeoff performance?
Aerodynamic configuration, air conditioning, thrust setting, and takeoff speeds.
Thrust settings include TOGA, FLEX, and derate levels.
Which takeoff speed optimization has the largest effect on the gain of takeoff weight?
Takeoff speeds optimization.
What is the V1/VR ratio range for optimization?
0.84 to 1.0
What is the V2/VS1G ratio range for optimization?
1.13 to 1.4
What are the outside conditions that affect takeoff performance?
OAT and wind.
What does MEL stand for in aircraft status?
Minimum Equipment List
What does CDL stand for in aircraft status?
Configuration Deviation List
