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TAKEOFF Flashcards

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1
Q

Which speed relates to V1?

A

Vmcg, Vr, Vmbe

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2
Q

Vs depends on which factors? (2)

A

Weight and Flaps/Slats. does NOT depends on altitude. if W ↗ : Vs ↗. if F ↗: Vs ↘

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3
Q

Vmcg depends on which factors? (2)

A

Alt and Temp if Alt and/or Temp ↗, Vmcg ↘. because thrust ↘ on operating engine

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4
Q

How do you ↘ Vmcg on a ferry flight?

A

↗ Temperature of the reduce thrust to reduce the thrust available

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5
Q

Does Vmcg is affected by Weight?

A

NO

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6
Q

Deffinition of VMCG?

A

Minimum control speed on ground, without Nosewheel steering

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7
Q

Deffinition of VMCA?

A

Minimum Controllable Airspeed with critical engine suddenly made inoperative

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8
Q

What are the factors affecting VMCA?

A

Alt and Temp, LG down ↗ Vmca, TO flaps ↗ Vmca, aileron effectiveness, angle of bank

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9
Q

What happen to Pressure altitude when QNH is < 1013?

A

QNH<1013: Pressure altitude ↗

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10
Q

elevation 2500ft, QNH 1000Hpa, what is pressure alt?

A

13*28=364ft, 2500+364=2864ft presure alt

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11
Q

in case of field limitation what happen to MTOW if Flaps ↗?

A

MTOW↗ with higher flap setting

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12
Q

in case of climb limitation, what happen to MTOW if Flaps ↗?

A

MTOW ↘ with higher flap setting

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13
Q

in case of obstacle limitation (distant), what happen to MTOW if Flaps ↗?

A

MTOW ↘ with higher flap setting

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14
Q

What flap setting would you use for short RWY and a close-in obstacle?

A

higher flap setting

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15
Q

what flap setting would you use for a distant obstacle?

A

lower flap setting

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16
Q

What is Vr?

A

Vr is the speed at which the airplane should be rotated so that the airplane lifts off and attains the speed V2 before reaching a height of 35ft.

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17
Q

Vr Characteristics? (3)

A

V1≤Vr, 1.05 Vmcg ≤ Vr, 1.10 Vs≤Vr

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18
Q

What happen when the aircraft is orated too early or too late?

A

the ground distance is ↗

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19
Q

What is V2?

A

V2 is the Initial Climb-out speed. it is the speed at which the airplane can attain at least the required gradient of climb

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20
Q

When must V2 be attained?

A

V2 must be attained at or before reaching a height of 35ft above the TO surface

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21
Q

What is a Stopway?

A

use for decelerating the aeroplane during an interrupted TO. surface like the RWY

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22
Q

What is a Clearway?

A

it is a clearway plane, extended from the end of the RWY. when you have a stopway, a clearway of the same lenght as the stopway must also be provided. Clearway include Stopway

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23
Q

What is TORA?

A

RWY length ONLY

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24
Q

What is TODA?

A

RWY+Clearway

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25
What is ASDA?
RWY+ Stopway
26
Influence of Headwind in TO?
Headwind is taken into account for 50%. reduce TO distance and ↗climb gradiant
27
Influence of Tailwind in TO?
Tailwind has to be factored by 150%. ↗ TO run and ↘ Climb gradiant
28
Influence of Upslope in TO? deceleration, other distance
positive effect on deceleration and negative effect on other distance
29
Influence of downslope in TO? deceleration and other distance
Downslope is negative on deceleration and positive on all other distance
30
What is TOD?
Take OFF Distance. from standing start of the TO to the 35ft point
31
V2 may NOT be less than?
1.10 Vmc and 1.20 Vs
32
Define the TO path?
TO path extends from the standing start to the 1500ft height point
33
What is TOR?
Distance from standing start to the point equidistant between lift_off and 35ft height point
34
Stopway can be used for?
TOD and ASD
35
Clearway can be used for?
TOD only
36
What is the max allowable length for a stopway and/or clearway?
50% of the available runway length
37
When is TOW never limited?
When there is Runway only
38
What is balancing?
Optimum use of the available distances
39
How do you acquire balancing?
By reducing V1
40
What do you do when you use a lower value of V1?
ASD ↘ and TOD ↗
41
What is an unbalanced field length?
V1 = Vr
42
When is balancing only possible?
When TOW is limited by the ASD only
43
What is the ratio V1/Vr of a balanced field?
V1/Vr is less than 1
44
What happen to stopping distance with braking devices inop?
Stopping distances from V1 will be ↗
45
define the TO flight path?
from the 35ft point to the 1500ft point
46
What is the name of the first segment?
Landing gear extended segment
47
define first segment?
extends from Vlof to the point of LG retracted
48
Condition of first segment?
``` LG retracting Flaps/Slats in TO position Speed ↗ Thrust TO gradiant positive ```
49
What is the name of the second segment?
Initial climb-out segment?
50
define second segment?
from the 35ft point to the point of reaching the seleced gross acceleration height at a minimum of 400ft height (OS 1000ft)
51
Condition of second segment?
``` LG retracted Flaps/Slats in TO position Speed V2 Thrust TO gradiant ≥2.4% ```
52
What is the name of the third segment?
the acceleration segment
53
define third segment?
from the point of reaching the selected gross acceleration height to the point of reaching the final TO climb speed
54
Condition of third segment?
``` LG retracted Flaps/Slats retracting Speed ↗ from V2 to Vfr Thrust TO gradiant ≥1.2% ```
55
What is the name of the fourth segment?
the final TO climb
56
define fourth segment?
extends from the point of reaching the final TO climb speed to 1500ft height point
57
Condition of fourth segment?
``` LG retracted Flaps/Slats retracted Speed Vfto Thrust Max Continous gradiant ≥1.2% ```
58
Which segment limit the TOW?
initial climb out (second) and final TO climb (fourth)
59
What is gross TO flight path?
actual flight path of the aeroplane
60
What is NET TO flight path?
required minimum obstacle clearance profile | clears all obstacle by at least a height of 35ft
61
gross and net ≠?
net = gross - 0.8% climb gradiant
62
What are the factors affecting thrust?
ALT and TEMP
63
What happen to thrust when alt or temp↗?
thrust ↘, air density ↘ | thrust reduces when temp rises above ISA+15
64
What is the max Flex reduction allowed?
25% of full thrust
65
What is flex or derated?
it is used to reduce engine wear, in the exhaust and turbine section, lowering EGT
66
What is climb 1?
94% of climb thrust
67
What is climb 2?
88% of climb thrust
68
What is WAT limit
the Weight resulting from Altitude and Temperature inputs
69
Influence of temp increase on TO dist? TO climb gradiants? MTOW?
TO dist increase TO climb gradiants decrease MTOW decrease
70
RWY Upslope on TO dist? ASD? and Landing dist?
TO dist increase ASD decrease Landing distance decrease
71
RWY downslope on TO dist? ASD? and Landing dist?
TO distance decrease ASD increase Landing distance increase
72
Influence of Pressure Alt on TO dist? Climb gradiant? MTOW? Engine thrust? TAS?
``` TO distance increase Climb gradiant decrease MTOW decrease engine thrust decrease TAS must be increased to compensate density decrease ```
73
Can you clear the obstacle located 10Nm of 2400ft with TAS of 200Kt on TO?
R/C (ft)= TAS* climb gradiant (%) 1%=60ft/Nm so 2400ft/10Nm=240ft/Nm 240/60=4% climb gradiant R/C= 200*4=800ft/min
74
Climb gradiant 5,2%, distance travelled during the climb 4500m, climb start at 400ft. what is the height gain?
Height gain= gradiant* D travelled in ft | H=5,2/100 * 4500*3,28=768ft+400=1168ft

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