TAPS research file Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Alternative name of TAPS
A
The Alyeska Pipeline
2
Q
Length of TAPS
A
1,288km
3
Q
TAPS route
A
Prudhoe Bay to Valdez
4
Q
Diameter of TAPS pipe
A
48 inches
5
Q
TAPS transport capacity
A
21,000 barrels per hour
6
Q
TAPS share of US domestic oil
A
0.13
7
Q
Revenue to Alaska state treasury
A
Over $171 billion
8
Q
Amount in Alaska’s savings from TAPS
A
$31 billion
9
Q
TAPS construction cost
A
$8 billion
10
Q
Who paid for TAPS construction
A
BP
11
Q
TAPS construction start date
A
April 29, 1974
12
Q
TAPS construction end date
A
June 20, 1977
13
Q
Above-ground pipeline length
A
675km
14
Q
Below-ground pipeline length
A
605km
15
Q
Reason for underground sections
A
Avoid mountains
16
Q
Population of Fairbanks in 1976
A
40000
17
Q
Housing cost increase due to TAPS
A
Over $600/month
18
Q
Number of construction camps
A
29
19
Q
Typical work schedule
A
12 hours/day, 7 days/week
20
Q
Lowest temperature during construction
A
-64°C
-83°F
21
Q
Camp room material
A
Painted aluminum
22
Q
Official number of worker deaths
A
32
23
Q
Nickname for pipeline route
A
Kamikaze trail
24
Q
Revenue from first lease
A
$900 million
25
Fairbanks flood recovery funding
From lease money
26
Divorce rate change 1972–1973
Increased by 6%
27
Divorce rate change one year into TAPS
Increased by 25%
28
Child welfare case increase
0.85
29
Severe abuse case increase
1.8
30
Temperature of oil at start
44.3°C
31
Temperature of oil at Valdez
14.2°C
32
Percent of pipeline in permafrost terrain
0.7
33
Permafrost impact risk
Melting due to warm oil
34
Main pipeline design types
Aboveground, conventional burial, special burial
35
Biggest wildlife threat
Oil spills
36
Effect of oil spills on birds
Disrupts temperature regulation
37
Spill impact on environment
Pollutes soil, water, air, climate
38
Wildlife migration disrupted
Caribou and reindeer
39
Habitat impact
Fragmentation and territory disruption
40
Monitoring side effect
Light and noise pollution
41
Animal crossing solutions
554 raised sections, 23 buried spots
42
Elevated section height
10 feet
43
Proposed oil transport alternatives
Aircrafts, submarines, railroad, icebreakers
44
What is a tectonic fault
Crack in Earth's crust
45
Main cause of earthquakes at faults
Sudden release of tension
46
Pipeline faults
Denali, McGinnis Glacier, Donnelly Dome
47
Most dangerous fault to TAPS
Denali Fault
48
Length of Denali Fault
Over 1,250 miles
49
Tectonic plates meeting at Denali Fault
Pacific and North American
50
Seismic design of TAPS near Denali
Withstands 8.5 magnitude quake
51
Why pipeline is zigzagged
To allow flexing in earthquakes
52
Wider zigzags located
Near high-risk faults like Denali
53
Lateral movement at Denali Fault
20 feet
54
Vertical movement at Denali Fault
5 feet
55
Lateral movement at McGinnis Glacier Fault
8 feet
56
Vertical movement at McGinnis Glacier Fault
6 feet
57
Lateral movement at Donnelly Dome Fault
3 feet
58
Vertical movement at Donnelly Dome Fault
10 feet
59
Movement at minor faults
2 feet lateral, 2 feet vertical
60
Purpose of EMS system
Monitor seismic activity
61
Location of EMS sensors
Pump stations and Valdez terminal
62
What DSMA does
Processes ground motion data and reports alarms
63
How EMS sensors detect motion
Accelerometers in three directions
64
Cause of 1978 spill
Sabotage bombing
65
Name of 1978 saboteur
Phillip Martin Olson
66
Amount spilled in 1978
15–16 thousand barrels
67
1978 spill discovery
Pilot flying over
68
1979 leak cause
Undetected buried segment leak
69
1979 leak detection
Pilot flying over
70
1989 Exxon Valdez spill amount
11 million gallons
71
1989 spill shoreline affected
Over 1,300 miles
72
Birds killed in 1989 spill
250000
73
Sea otters killed in 1989 spill
2800
74
Harbour seals killed in 1989 spill
300
75
Bald eagles killed in 1989 spill
250
76
Killer whales killed in 1989 spill
22
77
Fish eggs lost in 1989 spill
Billions
78
2001 spill cause
Gunshot
79
2001 spill amount
280,000 gallons
80
Number of past pipeline shootings
Over 50
81
Size of 2001 bullet hole
1.2 cm
82
Why 2001 hole caused large spill
Over valve at hill base
83
2006 feeder line leak amount
212,000 gallons
84
2006 leak reached
A lake
85
Highest TAPS transport year
1988
86
Highest daily transport
2,032,928 barrels
87
Lowest daily transport
534,480 barrels in 2013
88
Average increase rate 1977–1988
184,756 barrels/year
89
Average decrease rate 1988–2013
59,938 barrels/year
90
Total decrease from peak
1,498,448 barrels/day
91
Trend before 1989 spill
Increasing transport
92
Trend after 1989 spill
Decreasing transport
93
Location of Old Crow Flats
Northern Yukon, Canada
94
Group affected by TAPS near border
Vuntut Gwitchin
95
Main subsistence species
Caribou
96
Effect on caribou calving
Avoid pipeline areas
97
Status of caribou now
Endangered
98
Effect on caribou calves
Smaller in oil areas
99
Reason for US–Canada impact difference
More protections in Canada
100
Location of 1002 lands
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)
101
Species calving in 1002 lands
Porcupine caribou
102
Oil estimate under ANWR
7.7–11.8 billion barrels
103
Number of species in ANWR
700
104
Impact of tundra vehicles
Permanent ground scars
105
Migratory bird threat
Disrupts global bird populations
106
Caribou threat from climate
Miss foraging season
107
Effect of warming on calves
Increased pests, weaker survival
108
Main sustainability issue in ANWR
Environmental unsustainability
109
What is Alaska Permanent Fund
Oil revenue savings fund
110
Purpose of fund
Support future generations post-oil
111
Year fund started
1976
112
Fund value in 2019
$64 billion
113
Typical payout per resident (2019)
1600
114
Dividend per person in 2024
1702
115
Why fund is sustainable
Economic future support
