1
Q
What is the defintion of obsession ?
A
- Thought images and ideas that are persisitent intrusive uncontallably and cause significant anxiety and distress
- also it can be identfies because people wnat to neutrolize these thought via behaviour or other thought
2
Q
What is meant by compulsions ?
A
- repetitive behaviours or mental acts that an individual feels he or she must perform.
- Behaviour focus on decreasing the stress
3
Q
What is the connection between obsession and compulsion ?
A
- Only pure obsession can exit
- compulsions need obsession ! ( so not pure)
4
Q
What are intrusive thought ?
A
- short flash ups which are unpleasant
- u do not have any control over
- product of ur own brain
5
Q
Which theory explains OCD ?
A
- Cognitive theory
6
Q
How does cognitive theory explain OCD ? (give an example)
A
- it states that thought determine behaviour and emotions
1. Sitaution -> using a scissors
2. Intrusion -> stabbing
3. Automatic thought -> if i think i will do it
4. emotion-> fear
5. behvaiur -> avoid scissors
7
Q
How can OCD be described ?
A
- as an combination of high responsiballity and high catastrophe thining regarding future
8
Q
What are closely related disorders ?
A
- Hoarding disorder
- Hair pulling dissorder
- skin picking disorder
- body dysmorphic disorder
9
Q
Explain in detail what hoarding disorder is about ?
A
- Those are people who hoard and can not put their possessions away even if it is just trash
10
Q
What is the main difference between hoarding disorder and OCD ?
A
- They do not experience thoughts about their possessions as unwanted,
- for them it is natural and OCD people realize that they did something wrong
11
Q
What is body dysmorphic disorder about ?
A
- excessive preoccupation (beschäftigung) with a part of one’s body (often face or head) that is thought to be “defective”, but that thought is not shared with others
12
Q
What is meant by magical thinking and give an example ?
A
- It is the believe that the copulsion impacts the obsession
- but that is not the case it is an irrational
13
Q
What are the DSM 5 criteria regardind OCD ?
A
A: presence of obsession or compulsion or both
B: The obsession or compulsion is time consuming-> more than an hour
C: The symptoms cause clinical significant distress or impairment on social function
D: can not be caused by any other substance
E: The symptoms are not better explained by other disorder
14
Q
What are the prevalance of OCD ?
A
- 1 to 3 % in overall population
- Onset time by males 6 to 15 and females 20 -25
- Symptoms are hidden -> under diagnosie because they are aware of symptoms and shamed
- chronic
- higher suicide rate15%
15
Q
What are the comorbidity disorders of OCD and related disorder ?
A
- Substance abuse depression phobias and panic attacks , anxiety
16
Q
What are the most common symptoms of OCD ?
A
- Thoughts and images of aggression sexuality and religion
- symmetry and ordering
- contamination and cleaning
17
Q
By what kind oft theories can OCD be explained ?
A
- Biological theory
- Genetic theory
- Cognitive behavioural theory
- Brain is missing out the filter activuty
18
Q
How does the biological theory explain OCD ?
A
- Focus on a abnormal activity in one circuit (kreislauf) in primitive impulses
- Path: Frontal cortex to striatum (BG) then to thalamus and back to FC
- inability to turn of stereotypic and urges behaviour
19
Q
How does gentic theory explian OCD ?
A
-It states that it highly inherited
20
Q
How does cognitive behavioural theory explain OCD ?
A
- OCD Develops via operant conditioning
21
Q
What are the treatments of OCD ?
A
- SSRI -> it works but only for short term
- Cognitive behavioural therapy -> it works better then SSRI and is more for long term effect
- Combination of medical and behavioural therapy
22
Q
What is the function of SSRI ?
A
- increasing levels of serotonin in the brain and also stops the reuptake
23
Q
What is the function of cognitive behavioural therapy ?
A
- Cognitive part focus on = reducing liklyhood TAF
- Behavioural part: stopping the behaviour
- via exposure theraphy
24
Q
How does exposure therapy work ?
A
- Repeated exposure to the content of the obsession while preventing the person from engaging in the compulsive behaviou
25
Which trreatment of OCD does not work ?
- thought supression (pink elephant example)
26
What are the three steps which allways should be prestend regarding treatment ?
1. Compassion = Need a rational understanding of the thoughts of the patient
2. Focus on cognitive restruction = show the patient that risk is lower then to be thought (via pie chart
3. Then work on behavioural modification (exposure or drugs)
27
What are the DSM 5 criteria of hoarding behaviour ?
- Difficulties given possessions away no matter what kind of value it has
- no useful function of possession
- The hoarding causes clinical distress or impairment in social functioning
28
What are the 3 differnt kinds of hoarding / OCD ?
- Good insight: Knows it is problematic
- poor insight: know that it might not be normal
- absent of insight: does not belief that it is problamatic
29
What is the defintion of "thought action fusion" ?
- OCD patients belief that their unpleasant, unacceptable thoughts can influence events in the world
- > Overestimation of risk and responsibility !!
30
What are the two different TAF ?
- lilelihood phenomena
| - Moral phenomena
31
What is meant by likelihood phenomena ?
- belief that having an unwanted, unacceptable intrusive thought increases the likelihood that a specific adverse event will occur
32
What is meant by moral TF ?
- belief that having an unacceptable intrusive thought is almost equivalent of carrying out that particular act
33
How is OCD and TAF related ?
- TAF is neither necessary nor sufficient for the maintenance of obsessional problems
- Moral TAF is connected to religiosity in undergraduates and depression
- likelihood TAF is signifcantly related to OCD
34
How is TAF liked to positive and negative thoughts ?
- It is most unusual for OCD patients to believe that their positive thoughts will increase the likelihood of specific, positive outcomes
- positive events will be created via avoiding
35
In what other disorder does TAF occur besided OCD ?
- Anxiety panic and eating disorder
36
What does the mood input hypothesis explain ?
- claims that people use current mood as information about whether they have successfully completely a task or not
37
What is the differnce between normal and abnormal obsession ?
- there is non besided that the abnormal obsession is
1. more frequent
2. longer duration
3. higher intensity
4. belief of dealing with higher consequences
38
Why do two people with similar content of an obsession differ regarding normal and abnormal obsession ?
- because they have differnt threshold
39
What are the similarities between nomal and abnormal obsession ?
1. same content
| 2. same expression of mood
40
Why do we need a maximizing/instinct exposure therapy ?
- Because the CS US relation is never gone it is just inhibted
- It gets replaced by another relation
41
What are the components of maximizing exposure therapy ?
- expectancy violation
- Deepend extinction
- occasional reinforcmend
- removal of safety signals
- variabillity
- affect labeling
- multiple context
- retrieval cues / reconsolidation
- attentional focus
42
What is meant by expectancy violation ?
- The more the expectancy can be violated by experience, the greater the inhibitory learning
43
What is meant by deepend distinction ?
- use multiple CS to pair with US and add them up !
| - So step by step adding cues
44
What is meant by occasional reinforced extinction ?
- Sometimes reactive the old CS and US link to see how patient reacts
45
What is meant by removal of safety signals ?
- removal of “safety signals” or “safety behaviors
46
What is meant by variability ?
- use different timing periods
- also use different cues
- and use different fear lvls
47
What is meant by affect labeling ?
- clarify ur fear
48
What is meant by multiple content ?
- mix up differnt situation regarding content
49
What is meant by reconsolidation?
- may be possible to change memories during the reconsolidation time frame upon retrieval
50
What is meant by attentional factor ?
- maintain attention on US
51
What kind of treatment should childreen gain regarding OCD ?
- They should allways gain CBT treatment instead of using SSRI
- only exception by sever symptoms = then combination of both
52
What is the correlation between OCD and memory ?
- Metamemory declines in OCD patients
- memory accuracy will not be affected (by either relevant or unrelevant checking)
- Memory confidence, vividness and detail will be decreased by relevant checking
53
What is meant by metamemory ?
- memory about your memory (knowledge and awareness about your own memory
