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Introduction to Political Science > Task 5 - GROUP POLITICS > Flashcards

Task 5 - GROUP POLITICS Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Group Politics. What?
A

–> Interest groups as major link btw gov and the governed

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2
Q
  1. Group Politics. Name the 3 groups
A
  1. Communal groups
  2. Institutional groups
  3. Associated groups
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3
Q

1.1 Communal groups

A

–> Embedded in social fabric

  • Membership based on birth
  • Shared heritage
  • Traditional bonds and loyalties

Ex: Families, tribes, castes, ethnic groups

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4
Q

1.2 Institutional groups

A

–> Part of the machinery of gov

  • Attempt to exert influence in and through it
  • No autonomy
  • May become main form of interest articulation (authoritarian regimes)

Ex: Bureaucracy, military

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5
Q

1.3 Associational groups

A

–> Formed by ppl who purse shared goals

  • voluntary action
  • common interests / aspirations
  • feature of industrialized state

Ex: Interest or pressure groups

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6
Q

1.3 Associational groups. Interest groups characteristics

A

-> Main function: Deal w gov and public bodies

  • variety of forms
  • variety of concerns
  • local, national or international
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7
Q

1.3 Interest groups. Name the 2 classifications

A
  1. sectional or promotional groups
  2. insider or outisder groups
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8
Q

1.3.1 Sectional groups

A
  • to advance / protect interests of members
  • represent a section of society
  • ex: trade unions, business corps, trade associations, professional bodies
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9
Q

1.3.2 Promotional groups

A
  • to advance shared values, ideals or principles
  • promote collective not selective benefits
  • help groups other than members
  • ex: NGOs
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10
Q

1.3.3 Insider groups

A
  • enjoy regular, privileged and institut. access to gov
  • overlap btw sectional and insider
  • with objectives broadly compatible with those of gov + demonstrate that members abide by decisions
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11
Q

1.3.4 Outsider groups

A
  • not consulted by gov / consulted irregularly
  • often as weakness
  • some choose to be
    preservation of ideological purity
    protect decentralized power structures
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12
Q
  1. MODELS OF GPs. Name the 3
A
  1. Pluralism
  2. Corporatism
  3. The New Right
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13
Q

2.1 pluralist model. Core theme and concept

A

–> stress capacity of Gs to defend individual from gov and promote democracy

  • Core theme: pol power is fragmented
  • decisions through complex process
  • ensures views of larger number of groups
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14
Q

2.1 pluralist model. some characteristics

A
  • larger representation
  • with spread of behavioralism
  • GPs as the core of democratic process
  • characterized by balance of power
  • potential replacement of pol parties
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15
Q

2.1 pluralist model. drawbacks

A
  • elitists: only recognize one face of power (ability to influence decision-making
  • marxists: pol power closely linked to ownership of ruling class
  • neo-marxists: unequal comp btw business and labour groups
  • glob: process leads to corporate takeover of gov
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16
Q

2.2 corporatist model. core theme and concept

A

-> analyze closer links that developed in industralized societies btw groups and state

  • corporatism: social theory emphasizing privilege of some groups in relation to gov
    more influence on public policy!
17
Q

2.2 corporatist model. characteristics

A
  • symbiotic relation btw gov and groups
  • present in all advanced ind. states?
  • seek ‘insider’ status (more access to policy formulation)
  • privileges econ or functional groups (form of tripartitism?)
18
Q

2.2 corporatist model. drawbacks

A
  • may leave part of society out
  • too much privilege to few
  • portrays hierarchical order and leader domination
    mechanism of social control?
  • threat to democracy (decisions outside democratic reach)
  • gov captured by consulted groups
19
Q

2.3 new right model. central theme and concept

A

-> antipathy towards interest groups derived from individualism that lies at neoliberal economics

20
Q

2.3 new right model. characteristics

A
  • self-reliance and entrepreneuralism
  • concern for corporatism and escalating public spending
  • concerned with over-gov
  • argue that interest Gs exist to secure public goods
    free-riders
    no true common interest (question pol voice)
  • argue that it benefits small groups
  • see it as main determinant for econ failure
21
Q
  1. PATTERNS OF GPs. principle factors determining their influence
A
  1. political culture
  2. institutional culture
  3. party politics
  4. nature and style of public policy
22
Q

3.1 political culture. 2 reasons why its crucial

A
  1. determines whether IGs are seen as legitimate or non-legitimate actors
  2. affects willingness of ppl to form/join organized IGs or to engage in politics
    - regimes may practice monism
    ensure gov control
    - regimes can encourage IGs (japan, usa)
    ensure freedom
    - regimes can see it w suspicion (france)
    undermine general will of ppl
22
Q

3.2 institutional culture. distinction btw unitary and fragmented systems

A

unitary/centralized
- tend to narrow scope of GP
- concentrated around exec branch of gov
- more capacity of gov to decide whether to respond

fragmented/decentralized
- reflects impact of bicameralism, separation of powers and federalism
- super vulnerable: more access points
- stimulus of group formation
- ‘veto’ groups

23
Q

3.3 party politics.

A

-> complex relationship w IGs
- some senses rivals
- broader aggregation of interests/ideological goals
- IGs seek narrower objectives
to exert influence in and through parties

24
Q
  1. EXERTING INFLUENCE. varies according to:
A

vary according to
- issue with which the group is concerned
- how policy in area is shaped

24
Q

3.4 public policy

A

-> degree to which state intervenes in public life

25
Q

4.1 exerting influence: strategies according to resources

A

–> dependant on available resources:

  • public sympathy
  • size of membership
  • financial strength
  • organizational capabilities
  • ability to use sanctions
  • personal/institutional links to pol parties/gov
26
Q

4.2 exerting influence: strategies according to channels of access

A

–> main channels

  • bureaucracy
  • assembly
  • courts
  • pol parties
  • media
  • international orgs
27
Q
A

Introduction to Political Science (11 decks)

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