Task 6 Developmental Psychology

Question 1

Secure Attachment Strange stituation

Answer 1

Use their mother as a secure base. Are stressed when the mother leaves. When the mother returns, their happy and the mother’s presence comforts them

Question 2

Resistant/Anxious Strange situation

Answer 2

Children are clingy and stay close to caregiver. Become very upset when the caregiver leaves. When they come back they are not easily comforted and both seek for comfort and resist efforts.

Question 3

Insecure/Avoidant Strange situation

Answer 3

May avoid caregiver. Is as easily comforted by stranger as parent.

Question 4

Disorganized strange situation

Answer 4

Those children want to approach their caregiver but they also seem to regard them as a source of fear from with they want to withdraw

Question 5

What two factor give insighst about the infant’s quality of attachment?

Answer 5

(1) The extent to which an infant is able to use the primary caregiver as a secure base and (2) how the infant reacts to brief separations and reunion.

Question 6

Phase 1 The asocial Phase

Answer 6

(birth to 6 weeks): Many kinds of stimuli (social and non-social) produce favorable reactions. By the end they begin to show a preference for social stimuli (smiling faces)

Question 7

Phase 2 The Phase of Indiscriminate Attachment

Answer 7

(6 weeks to 7 months): Infants enjoy human company but tend to be indiscriminate: they do. not really care by whom they receive attention.

Question 8

Phase 3 The specific Attachment Phase

Answer 8

7-9 months. Infants begin to protest when separated from one particular individual, usually their mother. Do not like strangers.

Question 9

Phase 4 The phase of multiple Attachments (9-18 months)

Answer 9

Babies become attached to others (father etc)

Question 10

What influences the formation of attachment styles?

Answer 10

Parental sensitivity: Consistent response: Secure; Insensitive: Insecure/Resistant/anxious; emotionally unavailable: Insecure/avoidant; abusive disorganized. Culture, Family dynamics, genetics.

Question 11

What is the attachment theory?

Answer 11

Framework that focuses on the importance of early relationships. Describes the different attachment styles.

Question 12

Internal working model

Answer 12

Mental representations of the self, others, and relationships

Question 13

RAD Inhibited attachment Behaviour

Answer 13

Demonstrate emotional withdrawal with caregivers. Limited exploration of the environment. Symptoms are more common in younger children.

Question 14

RAD Disinhibited Attachment behaviour.

Answer 14

Involves a lack of selectivity in forming attachment relationships. Lack of boundaries. Symptoms are seen across age groups.

Question 15

Why is RAD diagnostic a challenge?

Answer 15

• Difficult to diagnose
• New diagnosis
• Vague Criterias

Question 16

Disorder of Nonattachment

Answer 16

Don’t have a specific attachment with anyone.
- Emotional withdrawal
- Often foster care background

Question 17

Disruptive Attachment

Answer 17

• Grief, Sudden loss
• Can disrupt their attachment in relationships

Question 18

Intervention Circle of Security

Answer 18

• Parents reflect on their own mental representations of how parents and children should interact
• Guided by therapists to change maladaptive representations.

Question 19

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-UP (ABC)

Answer 19

• Developed for mothers with the risk of maltreating their children
• Focuses on changing parents behavior

Question 20

Three goals of ABC

Answer 20

(1) Provide nurturance
(2) Follow the child’s lead
(3) Avoid frightening Behaviours

Question 21

What is the Holding Therapy

Answer 21

Involves physical restraint and close physical contact between therapist and child.

Question 22

What is aim of the Holding Therapy

Answer 22

Promoting attachment and addressing behavioural issues.

Question 23

Why is it controversial?

Answer 23

Coercive techniques and harm risk. Lack of evidence.